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Sonophoresis also known as phonophoresis, is a method that utilizes ultrasound to enhance the delivery of topical medications through the stratum corneum, to the epidermis and dermis. Sonophoresis allows for the enhancement of the permeability of the skin along with other modalities, such as iontophoresis , to deliver drugs with lesser side ...
Phonophoresis, also known as sonophoresis, is the method of using ultrasound waves to increase skin permeability in order to improve the effectiveness of transdermal drug delivery. This method intersects drug delivery and ultrasound therapy .
Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin. [1] [2] Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin. [3] [4] These phenomena, directly and indirectly, constitute active transport ...
The ultrasound can either be low-frequency, or LFUS, (between ~20 and ~100 kHz) or high-frequency, HFUS, (>1 MHz). Transdermal delivery (sonophoresis) is enhanced through LFUS, which then further allows the drug to be released. Since the wave of HFUS is higher, success of drug delivery has been demonstrated through the form of bubbles.
Phonophoresis, also known as sonophoresis, is the use of ultrasound to enhance the delivery of topically applied drugs. Home ultrasound allows the application of topically applied analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents through the therapeutic application of ultrasound.
Sonoporation, or cellular sonication, is the use of sound in the ultrasonic range for increasing the permeability of the cell plasma membrane. This technique is usually used in molecular biology and non-viral gene therapy in order to allow uptake of large molecules such as DNA into the cell, in a cell disruption process called transfection or ...
The endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, including the folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is also involved in protein synthesis.
Magnetization as a function of time is defined by the Bloch equations. Diagram of changing magnetization and spin orientations throughout spin-lattice relaxation experiment. T 1 and T 2 values are dependent on the chemical environment of the sample; hence their utility in MRI. Soft tissue and muscle tissue relax at different rates, yielding the ...
Photosynthesis ( / ˌfoʊtəˈsɪnθəsɪs / FOH-tə-SINTH-ə-sis) [1] is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their activities.
Schrödinger's equation inscribed on the gravestone of Annemarie and Erwin Schrödinger. ( Newton's dot notation for the time derivative is used.) The Schrödinger equation is a linear partial differential equation that governs the wave function of a quantum-mechanical system.