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  2. Strabismus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus

    Strabismus surgery does not remove the need for a child to wear glasses. Currently it is unknown whether there are any differences for completing strabismus surgery before or after amblyopia therapy in children.

  3. Prism cover test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_Cover_Test

    The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]

  4. Strabismus surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus_surgery

    Diplopia with normal binocular function is treated with prism glasses, botulinum injections into the muscles, or repeated surgery. If binocular function is not normal, a more individualized approach is necessary to best suit the patient's needs.

  5. Congenital fourth nerve palsy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_fourth_nerve_palsy

    Prism lenses do not address torsional misalignment and this may limit their use in certain cases. An additional consideration of prism lenses is that they must be worn at all times. Prism lenses reduce vertical fusional demands by allowing the eyes to rest in their vertically misaligned state.

  6. Botulinum toxin therapy of strabismus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum_toxin_therapy_of...

    Other options for strabismus management are vision therapy and occlusion therapy, corrective glasses (or contact lenses) and prism glasses, and strabismus surgery. The effects that are due only to the toxin itself (including the side effects) generally wear off within 3 to 4 months.

  7. Esotropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esotropia

    Esotropia is a form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward. The condition can be constantly present, or occur intermittently, and can give the affected individual a "cross-eyed" appearance. [1] It is the opposite of exotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than esophoria. Esotropia is sometimes erroneously called ...

  8. Exotropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exotropia

    Although glasses and/or patching therapy, exercises, or prisms may reduce or help control the outward-turning eye in some children, surgery is often required. A common form of exotropia is known as " convergence insufficiency " that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises.

  9. Duane syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duane_syndrome

    Duane syndrome is a congenital rare type of strabismus most commonly characterized by the inability of the eye to move outward. The syndrome was first described by ophthalmologists Jakob Stilling (1887) and Siegmund Türk (1896), and subsequently named after Alexander Duane, who discussed the disorder in more detail in 1905. [2] Other names for ...

  10. Management of strabismus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_strabismus

    Spherical lenses and miotic eye drops can provide relief in some types of horizontal strabismus by biasing the neural link between convergence (orienting the lines of sight for near objects) and accommodation (focusing), and prism lenses can relieve diplopia (double vision) by refracting the visual axis, [unreliable medical source] [unreliable ...

  11. American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_for...

    The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus ( AAPOS) is an academic association of pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismus surgeons. The pediatric ophthalmology fellowships in the United States are accredited by the AAPOS. International members are also allowed based on evident valuable contributions and dedication to ...