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  2. Luminous gemstones - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_gemstones

    Luminous gemstones. Folktales about luminous gemstones are an almost worldwide motif in mythology and history among Asian, European, African, and American cultures. Some stories about light-emitting gems may have been based on luminescent and phosphorescent minerals such as diamonds.

  3. Tanzanite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanite

    Present, dichroism or trichroism, depending on heat treatment. Tanzanite is the blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite (a calcium aluminium hydroxyl sorosilicate ), caused by small amounts of vanadium. [3] Tanzanite belongs to the epidote mineral group. Tanzanite is only found in Simanjiro District of Manyara Region in Tanzania, in a ...

  4. Amethyst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst

    Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz. The name comes from the Koine Greek αμέθυστος amethystos from α- a-, "not" and μεθύσκω ( Ancient Greek) methysko / μεθώ metho ( Modern Greek ), "intoxicate", a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. [1] Ancient Greeks wore amethyst and carved ...

  5. History of the Los Angeles Lakers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Los_Angeles...

    The Lakers franchise began in 1947 when Ben Berger and Morris Chalfen of Minnesota purchased the recently disbanded Detroit Gems franchise of the National Basketball League (NBL) for $15,000 from Gems founder/owner C. King Boring, and his business partner Maury Winston. They hired John Kundla as their first head coach.

  6. Topaz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topaz

    Topaz is a gemstone. In cut and polished form, it is used to make jewelry or other adornments. Lower quality topaz is commonly used as an abrasive material due to its hardness and it is used to produce refractory materials for high temperature environments. [7] Topaz can be used as a flux in steel production. [23]

  7. Sapphire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire

    Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, they occur in other colors, including gray and black, and also can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha .

  8. Pleochroism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleochroism

    Purple and violet. Amethyst (very low): different shades of purple; Andalusite (strong): green-brown / dark red / purple; Beryl (medium): purple / colorless; Corundum (high): purple / orange; Hypersthene (strong): purple / orange; Spodumene (strong): purple / clear / pink; Tourmaline (strong): pale purple / purple; Putnisite: pale purple ...

  9. Sugilite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugilite

    Sugilite (/ ˈ s uː ɡ ə l aɪ t,-dʒ i-/ SOO-gə-lyte, -⁠jee-) is a relatively rare pink to purple cyclosilicate mineral with the complex chemical formula K Na 2 (Fe, Mn, Al) 2 Li 3 Si 12 O 30. Sugilite crystallizes in the hexagonal system with prismatic crystals.

  10. Diamond (gemstone) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_(gemstone)

    Diamonds are one of the best-known and most sought-after gems, and they have been used as decorative items since ancient times. The hardness of diamond and its high dispersion of light — giving the diamond its characteristic "fire" — make it useful for industrial applications and desirable as jewelry.

  11. Garnet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garnet

    The word garnet comes from the 14th-century Middle English word gernet, meaning 'dark red'. It is borrowed from Old French grenate from Latin granatus, from granum ('grain, seed'). [3] This is possibly a reference to mela granatum or even pomum granatum (' pomegranate ', [4] Punica granatum ), a plant whose fruits contain abundant and vivid red ...