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A skin condition, also known as cutaneous condition, is any medical condition that affects the integumentary system —the organ system that encloses the body and includes skin, nails, and related muscle and glands. [1] The major function of this system is as a barrier against the external environment. [2]
Vitiligo (/ ˌ v ɪ t ɪ ˈ l aɪ ɡ oʊ /) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes patches of skin to lose pigment or color. The cause of vitiligo is unknown, but it may be related to immune system changes, genetic factors, stress, or sun exposure.
Psoriasis. Psoriasis is a long-lasting, noncontagious autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin. [4] [5] These areas are red, pink, or purple, dry, itchy, and scaly. [8] [3] Psoriasis varies in severity from small localized patches to complete body coverage. [3]
Scleroderma is a group of autoimmune diseases that may result in changes to the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs. The disease can be either localized to the skin or involve other organs, as well.
Rosacea is a long-term skin condition that typically affects the face. It results in redness, pimples, swelling, and small and superficial dilated blood vessels. Often, the nose, cheeks, forehead, and chin are most involved. A red, enlarged nose may occur in severe disease, a condition known as rhinophyma.
The skin weighs an average of four kilograms, covers an area of two square metres, and is made of three distinct layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin.
Ichthyosis (also named fish scale disease) is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin. The more than 20 types of ichthyosis range in severity of symptoms, outward appearance, underlying genetic cause and mode of inheritance (e.g., dominant, recessive, autosomal or X-linked).
Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash. [1] In cases of short duration, there may be small blisters, while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened. [1] The area of skin involved can vary from small to covering the entire body.
Atopic dermatitis ( AD ), also known as atopic eczema, is a long-term type of inflammation of the skin ( dermatitis ). [2] It results in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin. [2] Clear fluid may come from the affected areas, which can thicken over time. [2]
Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin. [1] [2] It is a speciality with both medical and surgical aspects. [3] [4] [5] A dermatologist is a specialist medical doctor who manages diseases related to skin, hair, nails, and some cosmetic problems. [2] [6]