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The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) ...
PRISM is a code name for a program under which the United States National Security Agency (NSA) collects internet communications from various U.S. internet companies ...
Fig. 1: Underwater plants in a fish tank, and their inverted images (top) formed by total internal reflection in the water–air surface. In physics, total internal reflection (TIR) is the phenomenon in which waves arriving at the interface (boundary) from one medium to another (e.g., from water to air) are not refracted into the second ("external") medium, but completely reflected back into ...
A blazed diffraction grating reflecting only the green portion of the spectrum from a room's fluorescent lighting. For a diffraction grating, the relationship between the grating spacing (i.e., the distance between adjacent grating grooves or slits), the angle of the wave (light) incidence to the grating, and the diffracted wave from the grating is known as the grating equation.
A Fresnel lantern (pronounced frəˈnɛl or fruh-nel) is a common lantern used in theatre that employs a Fresnel lens to wash light over an area of the stage. The lens produces a wider, soft-edged beam than a spotlight or key light , and is commonly used for back light and top light.
Focusing screen on Praktica Super TL1000 Location of focusing screen (5) in an SLR camera. A focusing screen is a flat translucent material, either a ground glass or Fresnel lens, found in a system camera that allows the user of the camera to preview the framed image in a viewfinder.
Other common-path interferometer configurations have been described in the literature, such as the double-focus interferometer and the Saunders's prism interferometer, [15] and many others. Common-path interferometers have proven useful in a wide variety of applications including optical coherence tomography, [ 1 ] digital holography, [ 35 ...
Entrance windows or prisms with their surfaces at the Brewster angle are commonly used in optics and laser physics in particular. The polarized laser light enters the prism at Brewster's angle without any reflective losses. In surface science, Brewster angle microscopes are used to image layers of particles or molecules at air-liquid interfaces ...