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Thus a prism of 1 Δ would produce 1 cm visible displacement at 100 cm, or 1 meter. This can be represented mathematically as: = where is the amount of prism correction in prism dioptres, and is the angle of deviation of the light.
Unit cell with water molecules, used to simulate flowing water. Periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are a set of boundary conditions which are often chosen for approximating a large (infinite) system by using a small part called a unit cell. PBCs are often used in computer simulations and mathematical models. The topology of two-dimensional PBC ...
Definition. The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics defines specific rotation as: For an optically active substance, defined by [α] θ λ = α/γl, where α is the angle through which plane polarized light is rotated by a solution of mass concentration γ and path length l. Here θ is the Celsius temperature and λ the wavelength of the ...
Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.
The amount by which the light is rotated is known as the angle of rotation. The direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) and magnitude of the rotation reveals information about the sample's chiral properties such as the relative concentration of enantiomers present in the sample.
In thermodynamics, the compressibility factor ( Z ), also known as the compression factor or the gas deviation factor, describes the deviation of a real gas from ideal gas behaviour. It is simply defined as the ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure.
Fugacity. In chemical thermodynamics, the fugacity of a real gas is an effective partial pressure which replaces the mechanical partial pressure in an accurate computation of chemical equilibrium. It is equal to the pressure of an ideal gas which has the same temperature and molar Gibbs free energy as the real gas. [1]
Symmetry. The symmetry group of a right n -antiprism (i.e. with regular bases and isosceles side faces) is Dnd = Dnv of order 4n, except in the cases of: n = 2: the regular tetrahedron, which has the larger symmetry group Td of order 24 = 3 × (4 × 2), which has three versions of D2d as subgroups;
The formula for Volume Correction Factor is commonly defined as: V C F = C T L = exp { − α T Δ T [ 1 + 0.8 α T ( Δ T + δ T ) ] } {\displaystyle VCF=C_{TL}=\exp\{-\alpha _{T}\Delta T[1+0.8\alpha _{T}(\Delta T+\delta _{T})]\}}
Retardation factor. In chromatography, the retardation factor ( R) is the fraction of an analyte in the mobile phase of a chromatographic system. [1] In planar chromatography in particular, the retardation factor RF is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the center of a spot to the distance traveled by the solvent front. [2]