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Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular junction disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness. [1] The most commonly affected muscles are those of the eyes, face, and swallowing. [1][5] It can result in double vision, drooping eyelids, and difficulties in talking and walking. [1]
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints (the joints which connect the mandible to the skull). The most important feature is pain, followed by restricted mandibular movement, [2] and noises from ...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neurone disease (MND) or Lou Gehrig's disease in the United States, is a rare, terminal neurodegenerative disorder that results in the progressive loss of both upper and lower motor neurons that normally control voluntary muscle contraction. [3] ALS is the most common form of the motor ...
Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines (compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function. [1][2][7] Obsessions are persistent ...
An estimated 30% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders engage in self-harm at some point, including eye-poking, skin-picking, hand-biting, and head-banging. [ 58 ] [ 59 ] According to a meta-analysis that did not distinguish between suicidal and non-suicidal acts, self-harm is common among those with schizophrenia and is a significant ...
Frequency. 1 in 5,000 [1] Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of 13 genetic connective-tissue disorders. [7] Symptoms often include loose joints, joint pain, stretchy velvety skin, and abnormal scar formation. [1] These may be noticed at birth or in early childhood. [3]
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability. [1] The average IQ in males with FXS is under 55, while about two thirds of affected females are intellectually disabled. [3][4] Physical features may include a long and narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, and ...
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a nerve compression syndrome associated with the collected signs and symptoms of compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an idiopathic syndrome but there are environmental, and medical risk factors associated with the condition. [6][1] CTS can affect both wrists.