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Hydronephrosis describes hydrostatic dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces as a result of obstruction to urine flow downstream. Alternatively, hydroureter describes the dilation of the ureter, and hydronephroureter describes the dilation of the entire upper urinary tract (both the renal pelvicalyceal system and the ureter).
Posterior urethral valve (PUV) disorder is an obstructive developmental anomaly in the urethra and genitourinary system of male newborns. [1] A posterior urethral valve is an obstructing membrane in the posterior male urethra as a result of abnormal in utero development. It is the most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male newborns.
Bladder outlet obstruction. Bladder outlet obstruction (or obstructive uropathy) occurs when urine is unable to flow from the kidneys through the ureters and out of the bladder through the urethra. Decreased flow of urine leads to swelling of the urinary tract, called hydronephrosis. This process of decreased flow of urine through the urinary ...
Duplicated ureter. Duplicated ureter or duplex collecting system is a congenital condition in which the ureteric bud, the embryological origin of the ureter, splits (or arises twice), resulting in two ureters draining a single kidney. It is the most common renal abnormality, occurring in approximately 1% of the population. [1][2]
Potter sequence. Potter sequence. Other names. Potter's syndrome, Potter's sequence, oligohydramnios sequence. Specialty. Medical genetics. Potter sequence is the atypical physical appearance of a baby due to oligohydramnios experienced when in the uterus. [1] It includes clubbed feet, pulmonary hypoplasia and cranial anomalies related to the ...
Bladder exstrophy. Bladder exstrophy is a congenital anomaly that exists along the spectrum of the exstrophy-epispadias complex, and most notably involves protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the abdominal wall. Its presentation is variable, often including abnormalities of the bony pelvis, pelvic floor, and genitalia.
An imperforate anus or anorectal malformations (ARMs) are birth defects in which the rectum is malformed. ARMs are a spectrum of different congenital anomalies which vary from fairly minor lesions to complex anomalies. [1] The cause of ARMs is unknown; the genetic basis of these anomalies is very complex because of their anatomical variability ...
Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. [ 3 ] Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness. [ 2 ] Other symptoms may include nausea, burning with urination, and frequent urination. [ 2 ] Complications may include pus around the kidney, sepsis, or kidney failure.