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Chalcedony has a waxy luster, and may be semitransparent or translucent. It can assume a wide range of colors, but those most commonly seen are white to gray, grayish-blue or a shade of brown ranging from pale to nearly black. The color of chalcedony sold commercially is often enhanced by dyeing or heating. [4]
Smoky quartz is common and was not historically important, but in recent times it has become a popular gemstone, especially for jewelry. [ 12 ] Sunglasses , in the form of flat panes of smoky quartz, were used in China in the 12th century.
Gemstones of the World revised 5th edition, 2013 by Walter Schumann ISBN 978-1454909538 Smithsonian Handbook: Gemstones by Cally Hall, 2nd ed. 2002 ISBN 978-0789489852 v
Jacinth (/ ˈ dʒ æ s ɪ n θ /, [1] / ˈ dʒ eɪ s ɪ n θ /) [2] or hyacinth (/ ˈ h aɪ. ə s ɪ n θ /) [3] is a yellow-red to red-brown variety of zircon used as a gemstone. [4] In Exodus 28:19, one of the precious stones set into the hoshen (the breastplate worn by the High Priest of Israel) is called, in Hebrew, leshem, which is often ...
Heat can either improve or spoil gemstone color or clarity. The heating process has been well known to gem miners and cutters for centuries, and in many stone types heating is a common practice. Most citrine is made by heating amethyst, and partial heating with a strong gradient results in "ametrine" – a stone partly amethyst and partly citrine.
Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 (F, OH) 2.It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]
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