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The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is a mathematical operation that converts a finite sequence of samples of a function into a sequence of complex numbers representing the frequency components. The DFT is widely used in signal processing, image processing, and fast Fourier transform algorithms.
A Feynman diagram is a pictorial representation of the mathematical expressions describing the behavior and interaction of subatomic particles. Learn how Feynman diagrams are used in quantum field theory, path integral formulation, renormalization and other areas of physics.
Learn how quantum mechanics and special relativity are combined to form relativistic quantum mechanics, which describes the behavior of particles at high velocities and predicts antimatter, spin and fine structure. Explore the different formulations, equations and applications of RQM in physics.
Quantum entanglement is the phenomenon of particles being correlated in such a way that measuring one affects the other, even if they are far apart. Learn about the history, experiments, and applications of entanglement, and how it challenges classical physics.
Redshift is an increase in the wavelength and decrease in the frequency of electromagnetic radiation, such as light. It can be caused by the Doppler effect, gravitational potentials, or cosmological expansion. Learn about the history, measurement, and interpretation of redshift in astronomy and cosmology.
Hamiltonian mechanics is a reformulation of Lagrangian mechanics that uses momenta instead of velocities. It has applications in geometry, classical and quantum mechanics, and can be derived from the action principle or the Legendre transformation.
Planck's law describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature. It shows that the radiation has a maximum intensity at a wavelength that depends on the temperature, and that the energy of the radiation is quantized in units of hν, where h is the Planck constant.
The formula has applications in engineering, physics, and number theory. The frequency-domain dual of the standard Poisson summation formula is also called the discrete-time Fourier transform. Poisson summation is generally associated with the physics of periodic media, such as heat conduction on a circle.