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2. Prism correction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_correction

   Prism correction. Prism lenses (here unusually thick) are used for pre-operative prism adaptation. Eye care professionals use prism correction as a component of some eyeglass prescriptions. A lens which includes some amount of prism correction will displace the viewed image horizontally, vertically, or a combination of both directions.

3. Distortion (optics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distortion_(optics)

   Distortion (optics) Not to be confused with spherical aberration, a loss of image sharpness that can result from spherical lens surfaces. In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image. It is a form of optical aberration .

4. Differential interference contrast microscopy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_interference...

   Differential interference contrast ( DIC) microscopy, also known as Nomarski interference contrast ( NIC) or Nomarski microscopy, is an optical microscopy technique used to enhance the contrast in unstained, transparent samples. DIC works on the principle of interferometry to gain information about the optical path length of the sample, to see ...

5. Chromatic aberration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_aberration

   Chromatic aberration. In optics, chromatic aberration ( CA ), also called chromatic distortion, color aberration, color fringing, or purple fringing, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. [1] [2] It is caused by dispersion: the refractive index of the lens elements varies with the wavelength of light.

6. Prism (optics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)

   Prism (optics) An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled — elements with two parallel surfaces are not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base and rectangular sides.

7. Astigmatism (optical systems) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astigmatism_(optical_systems)

   An optical system with astigmatism is one where rays that propagate in two perpendicular planes have different foci. If an optical system with astigmatism is used to form an image of a cross, the vertical and horizontal lines will be in sharp focus at two different distances. The term comes from the Greek α- ( a-) meaning "without" and ...

8. Prism cover test - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_Cover_Test

   The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]

9. Lens - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens

   The use of achromats was an important step in the development of the optical microscope. An apochromat is a lens or lens system with even better chromatic aberration correction, combined with improved spherical aberration correction. Apochromats are much more expensive than achromats.