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Functional visual loss (FVL) also known as Functional vision loss or Nonorganic visual loss (NOVL) is a reduction in visual acuity or loss of visual field that has no physiological or organic basis. This disease can come under the spectrum of functional neurological disorder or somatic symptom disorder.
Prism and Base Prism refers to a displacement of the image through the lens, often used to treat strabismus and other binocular vision disorders. The prism value is measured in prism diopters, and Base refers to the direction of displacement. PL is an abbreviation for plano or plain, meaning no prescription
Base-out prism reading, stereogram cards, computerized training programs are used to improve fusional vergence. [23] The wearing of convex lenses. [24] The wearing of concave lenses. "Cawthorne Cooksey Exercises" also employ various eye exercises, however, these are designed to alleviate vestibular disorders, such as dizziness, rather than eye ...
Prism adaptation can be used to rehabilitate the visuo-spatial deficits of neurological disorders such as unilateral neglect.It has become clear that with respect to being used as a long-term rehabilitative tool, prism adaptation is only effective when it is repeated over many sessions and with sufficiently strong prism goggles (Newport and Schenk, 2012).
The unilateral cover test is performed by having the patient focus on an object then covering the fixating eye and observing the movement of the other eye. If the eye was exotropic, covering the fixating eye will cause an inwards movement; and if esotropic, covering the fixating eye will
This is a partial list of human eye diseases and disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) publishes a classification of known diseases and injuries, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems , or ICD-10.
During an eye examination, the presence of suppression and the size and location of the suppression scotoma may be the Worth 4 dot test (a subjective test that is considered to be the most precise suppression test), or with other subjective tests such as the Bagolini striated lens test, or with objective tests such as the 4 prism base out test.
Fixation disparity is a tendency of the eyes to drift in the direction of the heterophoria.While the heterophoria refers to a fusion-free vergence state, the fixation disparity refers to a small misalignment of the visual axes when both eyes are open in an observer with normal fusion and binocular vision. [1]