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The mouth may be on the forward end of the head (terminal), may be upturned (superior), or may be turned downwards or on the bottom of the fish (subterminal or inferior). The mouth may be modified into a suckermouth adapted for clinging onto objects in fast-moving water.
The white asterisk indicates the toothed pharyngeal jaw. Scale bar represents 500 μm. [1] Most bony fishes have two sets of jaws made mainly of bone. The primary oral jaws open and close the mouth, and a second set of pharyngeal jaws are positioned at the back of the throat.
The fish draws oxygen-rich water in through the mouth (left). It then pumps it over gills so oxygen enters the bloodstream, and allows oxygen-depleted water to exit through the gill slits (right) In bony fish , the gills lie in a branchial chamber covered by a bony operculum.
In most cases, the diagnosis of mitral stenosis is most easily made by echocardiography, which shows left atrial enlargement, thick and calcified mitral valve with narrow and "fish-mouth"-shaped orifice and signs of right ventricular failure in advanced disease.
Smallmouth have a slender but muscular fusiform body shape making them powerful swimmers. The coloration of the smallmouth bass' ctenoid scales range from golden-olive to dark brown dorsally which fades to a yellowish white ventrally with dark brown vertical bars or blotches along the body and dark brown horizontal bars on the head. [8]
Pharyngeal jaw. The pharyngeal jaws of the moray eel. Oral and pharyngeal jaws of a cichlid. The photographs show a Malawi eyebiter ( Dimidiochromis compressiceps ). Pharyngeal jaws are a "second set" of jaws contained within an animal's throat, or pharynx, distinct from the primary or oral jaws.
Suckermouth. In fish, a suckermouth is a ventrally-oriented (inferior) mouth adapted for grazing on algae and small organisms that grow on submerged objects. All Loricariidae possess a suckermouth as do the cypriniform algae eaters of the genus Gyrinocheilus and other genera.
However, the external shape of heterocercal tail fins can also appear symmetric (e.g. †Birgeria, †Bobasatrania). Heterocercal is the opposite of hypocercal Hypocercal, also known as reversed heterocercal, means that the vertebrae extend into the lower lobe of the tail, making it longer than the upper lobe (as in the †Anaspida). It is the ...
Mutations in the Edn1-pathway in zebrafish are known to lead to deformities of the opercular series' shape and size. The opercular series is vital in obtaining oxygen. They open as the mouth closes, causing the pressure inside the fish to drop.
Codfish vertebra. Codfish vertebra refers to the biconcave appearance of the vertebra in sagittal radiographs due to pathological changes, such as demineralisation. [1] [2] [3] Codfish appearance of the vertebra is seen in several conditions such as osteoporosis, steroid or heparin therapy, Cushing syndrome, idiopathic, sickle cell disease ...