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Laryngopharyngeal reflux ( LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease ( LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia ...
Strep throat, a bacterial infection, is the cause in about 25% of children and 10% of adults. Uncommon causes include other bacteria such as gonococcus, fungi, irritants such as smoke, allergies, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Specific testing is not recommended in people who have clear symptoms of a viral infection, such as a cold.
Post-nasal drip ( PND ), also known as upper airway cough syndrome ( UACS ), occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal mucosa. The excess mucus accumulates in the back of the nose, and eventually in the throat once it drips down the back of the throat. It can be caused by rhinitis, sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD ...
An upper respiratory tract infection ( URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection, which involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea. [3] [4] This commonly includes nasal obstruction, sore throat, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, and the common cold.
Treatment. Voice rest, fluids [1] Frequency. Common [1] Laryngitis is inflammation of the larynx (voice box). [1] Symptoms often include a hoarse voice and may include fever, cough, pain in the front of the neck, and trouble swallowing. [1] [2] Typically, these last under two weeks. [1] Laryngitis is categorised as acute if it lasts less than ...
Tonsil stones, also known as tonsilloliths, are mineralizations of debris within the crevices of the tonsils. [1] [3] When not mineralized, the presence of debris is known as chronic caseous tonsillitis ( CCT ). [1] Symptoms may include bad breath, [1] foreign body sensation, sore throat, pain or discomfort with swallowing, and cough. [4]
Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as streptococcal sore throat ( strep throat ), is pharyngitis (an infection of the pharynx, the back of the throat) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram-positive, group A streptococcus. [10] [11] Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the front of the neck.
Sore throat. Pharyngitis —inflammation of the back of the throat—caused by a virus is the most common cause of a sore throat. Sore throat, also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat. [1] Usually, causes of sore throat include: viral infections. group A streptococcal infection (GAS) bacterial infection [2]
Nasal congestion. Other names. Nasal blockage, nasal obstruction, blocked nose, stuffy nose, plugged nose. Medical products for diminution of nasal congestion. Specialty. Otorhinolaryngology. Nasal congestion is the partial or complete blockage of nasal passages, leading to impaired nasal breathing, usually due to membranes lining the nose ...
Sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of shallow breathing, or collapse of the upper airway during sleep results in poor ventilation and sleep disruption. [10] [11] Each pause in breathing can last for a few seconds to a few minutes and occurs many times a night. [1]