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The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]
The Maddox rod test can be used to subjectively detect and measure a latent, manifest, horizontal or vertical strabismus for near and distance. The test is based on the principle of diplopic projection. [1] Dissociation of the deviation is brought about by presenting a red line image to one eye and a white light to the other, while prisms are ...
The prism fusion range ( PFR) or fusional vergence amplitude is a clinical eye test performed by orthoptists, optometrists, and ophthalmologists to assess motor fusion, specifically the extent to which a patient can maintain binocular single vision ( BSV) in the presence of increasing vergence demands. Motor fusion is largely accounted to ...
Convergence insufficiency. Convergence Insufficiency. Other names. Convergence disorder. Specialty. Ophthalmology, optometry. Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyes to turn towards each other, or sustain convergence .
FLACC scale. The FLACC scale or Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale is a measurement used to assess pain for children between the ages of 2 months and 7 years or individuals that are unable to communicate their pain. The scale is scored in a range of 0–10 with 0 representing no pain. The scale has five criteria, which are each ...
Exophoria. Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward. [1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another. [2] The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that of exotropia .
The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is widely used around the world today to help with measuring a patients' pain intensity and the amount of interference the pain has on their being able to function in everyday life. BPI was originally intended to help measure cancer patients pain, but today it is used in cancer related cases as well as non-cancer ...
The world is unprepared for another health crisis like COVID-19, a leading global health expert has warned, as countries make a last push to agree a way forward for a pandemic treaty amid fears ...