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Altruism (biology) In biology, altruism refers to behaviour by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing their own. [1] Altruism in this sense is different from the philosophical concept of altruism, in which an action would only be called "altruistic" if it was done with the conscious intention of helping ...
I removed the Prentice rule example, because it is not written for a nonspecialist audience. As it was it was incomprehensible to anyone not familiar with the specialized terminology and notation of optometry. It could perhaps be included if rewritten in plain English, without assuming specialized knowledge.--
An oblique prism is a prism in which the joining edges and faces are not perpendicular to the base faces. Example: a parallelepiped is an oblique prism whose base is a parallelogram, or equivalently a polyhedron with six parallelogram faces. Right Prism. A right prism is a prism in which the joining edges and faces are perpendicular to the base ...
Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments that may or may not be interconnected to each other. This article focuses on the segmentation of animal body plans, specifically using the examples of the taxa Arthropoda, Chordata, and Annelida.
Edit distance. In computational linguistics and computer science, edit distance is a string metric, i.e. a way of quantifying how dissimilar two strings (e.g., words) are to one another, that is measured by counting the minimum number of operations required to transform one string into the other. Edit distances find applications in natural ...
The following is an example of applying a continuity correction. Suppose one wishes to calculate Pr(X ≤ 8) for a binomial random variable X. If Y has a distribution given by the normal approximation, then Pr(X ≤ 8) is approximated by Pr(Y ≤ 8.5). The addition of 0.5 is the continuity correction; the uncorrected normal approximation gives ...
Competition (biology) Competition is an interaction between organisms or species in which both require a resource that is in limited supply (such as food, water, or territory ). [1] Competition lowers the fitness of both organisms involved since the presence of one of the organisms always reduces the amount of the resource available to the other.
In biology, a kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank, just below domain. Kingdoms are divided into smaller groups called Phylum . Traditionally, some textbooks from the United States and Canada used a system of six kingdoms ( Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea /Archaebacteria, and Bacteria or Eubacteria), while textbooks in other ...