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Cataract surgery, also called lens replacement surgery, is the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has developed a cataract, an opaque or cloudy area. The eye's natural lens is usually replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) implant.
The eye is usually patched on the day of surgery and use of an eye shield at night is often suggested for several days after surgery. [52] In all types of surgery, the cataractous lens is removed and replaced with an artificial lens, known as an intraocular lens , which stays in the eye permanently.
Cataract surgery is the removal of the natural lens of the eye that has developed a cataract, an opaque or cloudy area. Over time, metabolic changes of the crystalline lens fibres lead to the development of a cataract, causing impairment or loss of vision.
Couching is the earliest documented form of cataract surgery. It involves dislodging the lens of the eye, thus removing the cloudiness caused by the cataract. Couching was a precursor to modern cataract surgery and pars plana vitrectomy .
An eye surgeon is responsible for selecting the appropriate surgical procedure for the patient, and for taking the necessary safety precautions. Mentions of eye surgery can be found in several ancient texts dating back as early as 1800 BC, with cataract treatment starting in the fifth century BC.
Phacoemulsification is a cataract surgery method in which the internal lens of the eye which has developed a cataract is emulsified with the tip of an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye. Aspirated fluids are replaced with irrigation of balanced salt solution to maintain the volume of the anterior chamber during the procedure.