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  2. Cover test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_test

    Cover test. A cover test or cover-uncover test is an objective determination of the presence and amount of ocular deviation. It is typically performed by orthoptists, ophthalmologists and optometrists during eye examinations . The two primary types of cover tests are: the alternating cover test. the unilateral cover test (or the cover-uncover ...

  3. Esotropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esotropia

    Treatment options for esotropia include glasses to correct refractive errors (see accommodative esotropia below), the use of prisms, orthoptic exercises, or eye muscle surgery.

  4. Four prism dioptre reflex test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_prism_dioptre_reflex_test

    Four prism dioptre reflex test. Purpose. assess alignment of both eyes. The Four Prism Dioptre Reflex Test (also known as the 4 PRT, or 4 Prism Dioptre Base-out Test) is an objective, non-dissociative test used to prove the alignment of both eyes (i.e. the presence of binocular single vision) by assessing motor fusion. [1]

  5. Worth 4 dot test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worth_4_dot_test

    The Worth Four Light Test, also known as the Worth's four dot test or W4LT, is a clinical test mainly used for assessing a patient's degree of binocular vision and binocular single vision. Binocular vision involves an image being projected by each eye simultaneously into an area in space and being fused into a single image.

  6. Prism cover test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_Cover_Test

    The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1] Manifest is defined by the eye deviating constantly or intermittently ...

  7. Strabismus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strabismus

    Strabismus can occur due to muscle dysfunction, farsightedness, problems in the brain, trauma, or infections. [3] Risk factors include premature birth, cerebral palsy, and a family history of the condition. [3] Types include esotropia, where the eyes are crossed ("cross eyed"); exotropia, where the eyes diverge ("lazy eyed" or "wall eyed"); and hypertropia or hypotropia where they are ...

  8. Prism correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_correction

    Eye care professionals use prism correction as a component of some eyeglass prescriptions. A lens which includes some amount of prism correction will displace the viewed image horizontally, vertically, or a combination of both directions. The most common application for this is the treatment of strabismus. By moving the image in front of the deviated eye, double vision can be avoided and ...

  9. Esophoria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophoria

    Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria .

  10. Presbyopia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyopia

    Presbyopia is physiological insufficiency of accommodation associated with the aging of the eye that results in progressively worsening ability to focus clearly on close objects. [4] Also known as age-related farsightedness [5] (or age-related long sight in the UK [6] ), it affects many adults over the age of 40. A common sign of presbyopia is difficulty reading small print which results in ...

  11. Refractive error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_error

    Refractive errors are corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, or surgery. [1] Eyeglasses are the easiest and safest method of correction. [1] Contact lenses can provide a wider field of vision; however they are associated with a risk of infection. [1] Refractive surgery permanently changes the shape of the cornea. [1]