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  2. Herman Snellen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Snellen

    Typical Snellen chart to estimate visual acuity. Herman Snellen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛr.mɑn ˈsnɛ.lə(n)], February 19, 1834 – January 18, 1908) was a Dutch ophthalmologist who introduced the Snellen chart to study visual acuity (1862).

  3. Binoculars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binoculars

    In this arrangement, the eye lens is a plano-concave/ double convex achromatic doublet (the flat part of the former facing the eye) and the field lens is a double-convex singlet. A reversed Kellner eyepiece was developed in 1975 and in it the field lens is a double concave/ double convex achromatic doublet and the eye lens is a double convex ...

  4. History of optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_optics

    Modern ophthalmic lens making machine. Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world.

  5. Lens (vertebrate anatomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(vertebrate_anatomy)

    The lens is located towards the front part of the vertebrate eye, called the anterior segment, which includes the cornea and iris positioned in front of the lens. The lens is held in place by the suspensory ligaments (Zonule of Zinn), [1] attaching the lens at its equator to the rest of the eye [2] [3] through the ciliary body.

  6. Visual acuity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_acuity

    Eye examination for visual acuity. Visual acuity is a measure of the spatial resolution of the visual processing system. VA, as it is sometimes referred to by optical professionals, is tested by requiring the person whose vision is being tested to identify so-called optotypes – stylized letters, Landolt rings, pediatric symbols, symbols for the illiterate, standardized Cyrillic letters in ...

  7. Achromatic lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achromatic_lens

    Uses an equiconvex crown glass lens (i.e. R 1 > 0 with −R 1 = R 2) and a complementary-curved second flint glass lens (with R 3 = R 2). The back of the flint glass lens is flat ( R 4 = ∞). A Littrow doublet can produce a ghost image between R 2 and R 3 because the lens surfaces of the two lenses have the same radii.

  8. Refractive error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_error

    A distant object is defined as an object located beyond 6 meters (20 feet) from the eye. [citation needed] When an object is located close to the eye, the rays of light from this object no longer approach the eye parallel to each other. Consequently, the eye must increase its refractive power to bring those rays of light together on the retina.

  9. Single-lens reflex camera - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera

    A single-lens reflex camera (SLR) is a camera that typically uses a mirror and prism system (hence "reflex" from the mirror's reflection) that permits the photographer to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured.

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