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  2. Optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics

    Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. [1] Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation, and other forms of ...

  3. List of laser types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laser_types

    The first laser, invented by Theodore Maiman in May 1960. Nd:YAG laser: 1.064 μm, (1.32 μm) Flashlamp, laser diode: Material processing, rangefinding, laser target designation, surgery, tattoo removal, hair removal, research, pumping other lasers (combined with frequency doubling to produce a green 532 nm beam). One of the most common high ...

  4. Reconstructive surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery

    Description. Reconstructive surgery is a term with training, clinical, and reimbursement implications. It has historically been referred to as synonymous with plastic surgery. [1] In regard to training, plastic surgery is a recognized medical specialty and a surgeon can be a "board-certified" plastic surgeon by the American Board of Plastic ...

  5. General surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_surgery

    General surgery is a surgical specialty that focuses on alimentary canal and abdominal contents including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, appendix and bile ducts, and often the thyroid gland. General surgeons also deal with diseases involving the skin, breast, soft tissue, trauma ...

  6. Refractive surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_surgery

    Refractive surgery. Refractive surgery is optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses. This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea ( keratomileusis ), lens implantation or lens replacement.

  7. History of surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_surgery

    History of surgery. Surgery is the branch of medicine that deals with the physical manipulation of a bodily structure to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment. Ambroise Paré, a 16th-century French surgeon, stated that to perform surgery is, "To eliminate that which is superfluous, restore that which has been dislocated, separate that which has ...

  8. Lasers in cancer treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasers_in_Cancer_Treatment

    Lasers are used to treat cancer in several different ways. Their high-intensity light can be used to shrink or destroy tumors or precancerous growths. Lasers are most commonly used to treat superficial cancers (cancers on the surface of the body or the lining of internal organs) such as basal-cell skin cancer and the very early stages of some cancers, such as cervical, penile, vaginal, vulvar ...

  9. GreenLight Laser Therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GreenLight_Laser_Therapy

    GreenLight Laser Therapy is a medical procedure for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia. [1] It uses a laser beam to remove prostate tissue. The laser treatment is delivered through a thin and flexible fiber, which is inserted into the urethra through a cystoscope . GreenLight Laser Therapy has been increasingly performed as an alternative to ...