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Ophthalmology. Hypertropia is a condition of misalignment of the eyes ( strabismus ), whereby the visual axis of one eye is higher than the fellow fixating eye. Hypotropia is the similar condition, focus being on the eye with the visual axis lower than the fellow fixating eye.
Hypertrophy. Hypertrophy. Hypertrophy results from an increase in cell size, whereas hyperplasia stems from an increase in cell number. Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its component cells. [1] It is distinguished from hyperplasia, in which the cells remain approximately the same size but ...
The signs and symptoms of far-sightedness include blurry vision, frontal or fronto temporal headaches, eye strain, tiredness of eyes etc. [2] The common symptom is eye strain. Difficulty seeing with both eyes ( binocular vision) may occur, as well as difficulty with depth perception. [1] The asthenopic symptoms and near blur are usually seen ...
Bielschowsky's head tilt test. Step 1: Determine which eye is hypertropic in primary position. If there is right hypertropia in primary position, then the depressors of the R eye (IR/SO) or the elevators of the L eye are weak (SR/IO). Step 2: Determine whether the hypertropia increases on right or left gaze.
Heterophoria is an eye condition in which the directions that the eyes are pointing at rest position, when not performing binocular fusion, are not the same as each other, or, "not straight". This condition can be esophoria, where the eyes tend to cross inward in the absence of fusion; exophoria, in which they diverge; or hyperphoria, in which ...
- L/R: left hypertropia or right hypotropia - R/L: right hypertropia or left hypotropia Double Maddox rod test. The double Maddox rod test can also be used to assess torsion and measure cyclotropias. Double Maddox rod test with trial frames. The room lights should be dimmed and only one light source should be visible
For an abnormal result, based on where the light lands on the cornea, the examiner can detect if there is an exotropia (abnormal eye is turned out), esotropia (abnormal eye is turned in), hypertropia (abnormal eye higher than the normal one) or hypotropia (abnormal eye is lower than the normal one).
Hypertropia/Hypotropia. In a patient with an unsuppressed vertical deviation, one line will appear higher than the other. If the image of the right eye is higher than that of the left, this means the right eye is lower than the left. This could be either a right hypotropia or a left hypertropia. Harmonious Abnormal retinal correspondence
When this muscle's function is diminished due to a fourth cranial nerve ( CN IV) palsy, the affected eye will extort, deviate upward ( hypertropia ), and, to a smaller extent, drift inward.
Skew deviation is an unusual ocular deviation ( strabismus ), wherein the eyes move upward ( hypertropia) in opposite directions. Skew deviation is caused by abnormal prenuclear vestibular input to the ocular motor nuclei, most commonly due to brainstem or cerebellar stroke.