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The just war theory ( Latin: bellum iustum) [1] [2] is a doctrine, also referred to as a tradition, of military ethics that aims to ensure that a war is morally justifiable through a series of criteria, all of which must be met for a war to be considered just. It has been studied by military leaders, theologians, ethicists and policymakers.
The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands. Along with the Geneva Conventions, the Hague Conventions were among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the body of secular international law.
Small arms and light weapons. Small arms and light weapons ( SALW) refers in arms control protocols to two main classes of man-portable weapons. [1] " Small arms ", broadly speaking, are individual-service (i.e. for carry and operation by individual infantrymen) kinetic projectile firearms. These include: handguns ( revolvers, pistols ...
The actual position of the civilian in modern war remains problematic. It is complicated by a number of phenomena, including: the fact that many modern wars are essentially civil wars, in which the application of the laws of war is often difficult, and in which the distinction between combatants and civilians is particularly hard to maintain;
War is an intense armed conflict [a] between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. [2] It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces.
Herem (war or property) The Stoning of Achan by Gustav Doré. Achan pillaged gold, silver, and a costly garment from Jericho, and was punished by stoning. [1] Herem or cherem ( Hebrew: חרם, ḥērem ), as used in the Tanakh, means something given over to the Lord, or under a ban, and sometimes refers to things or persons to be utterly destroyed.
The use of force by states is controlled by both customary international law and by treaty law. The UN Charter reads in article 2(4): . All members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.
Open city. In war, an open city is a settlement which has announced it has abandoned all defensive efforts, generally in the event of the imminent capture of the city to avoid destruction. Once a city has declared itself open, the opposing military will be expected under international law to peacefully occupy the city rather than destroy it.