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Admiralty law. In admiralty law prizes (from the Old French prise, "taken, seized" [1]) are equipment, vehicles, vessels, and cargo captured during armed conflict. The most common use of prize in this sense is the capture of an enemy ship and its cargo as a prize of war.
International law up to 1945. Before and during World War II (1939–1945), international law relating to aerial bombardment rested on the treaties of 1864, 1899, and 1907, which constituted the definition of most of the laws of war at that time – which, despite repeated diplomatic attempts, was not updated in the immediate run-up to World ...
A war crime is a violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility for actions by combatants in action, such as intentionally killing civilians or intentionally killing prisoners of war, torture, taking hostages, unnecessarily destroying civilian property, deception by perfidy, wartime sexual violence, pillaging, and for any individual that is part of the ...
Unlawful combatant. An unlawful combatant, illegal combatant or unprivileged combatant/belligerent is a person who directly engages in armed conflict in violation of the laws of war and therefore is claimed not to be protected by the Geneva Conventions. [1] [2] [3] The International Committee of the Red Cross points out that the terms "unlawful ...
The legal situation becomes more nuanced and ambiguous if the harm to civilians or civilian property is "excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated". During World War II , there was a song called a thing-ummy-bob , which contains the lines "And it's the girl that makes the thing that holds the oil, that oils ...
Reprisal. A reprisal is a limited and deliberate violation of international law to punish another sovereign state that has already broken them. [1] [2] Since the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (AP 1), reprisals in the laws of war are extremely limited, [3] as they commonly breach the rights of non-combatants .
A civilian casualty occurs when a civilian is killed or injured by non-civilians, mostly law enforcement officers, military personnel, rebel group forces, or terrorists. Under the law of war, it refers to civilians who perish or suffer wounds as a result of wartime acts. The term is generally applied to situations in which violence is committed ...
Afghan National Army soldiers conducting a patrol in 2011, during the War in Afghanistan.They would be considered combatants in the war. Combatant is the legal status of a person entitled to directly participate in hostilities during an armed conflict, and may be intentionally targeted by an adverse party for their participation in the armed conflict.