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  2. Oral submucous fibrosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_submucous_fibrosis

    Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, complex, premalignant (1% transformation risk) condition of the oral cavity, characterized by juxta- epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the sub mucosal tissues (the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues). As the disease progresses, the oral mucosa becomes fibrotic to ...

  3. X-linked intellectual disability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_intellectual...

    MECP2 gene mutations are the cause of most cases of Rett syndrome, a progressive neurologic developmental disorder and one of the most common causes of intellectual disability in women. ARX: Aristaless related homeobox, is a protein associated with intellectual disability and lissencephaly. This gene is a homeobox-containing gene expressed ...

  4. Tardive dyskinesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tardive_dyskinesia

    Tardive dyskinesia ( TD) is a disorder that results in involuntary repetitive body movements, which may include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips. [1] Additionally, there may be chorea or slow writhing movements. [1] In about 20% of people with TD, the disorder interferes with daily functioning. [3]

  5. Morsicatio buccarum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morsicatio_buccarum

    Morsicatio buccarum. Other names. Chronic cheek biting and Chronic cheek chewing. Specialty. Oral medicine. Morsicatio buccarum is a condition characterized by chronic irritation or injury to the buccal mucosa (the lining of the inside of the cheek within the mouth), caused by repetitive chewing, biting or nibbling. [1]

  6. Nicotine dependence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotine_dependence

    Nicotine dependence is a chronic, relapsing disease defined as a compulsive craving to use the drug, despite social consequences, loss of control over drug intake, and emergence of withdrawal symptoms. [5] Tolerance is another component of drug dependence. [6] Nicotine dependence develops over time as a person continues to use nicotine. [6]

  7. Smokeless tobacco - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smokeless_tobacco

    Smokeless tobacco. A historical depiction of a man taking snuff using his thumb and forefinger. Smokeless tobacco is a tobacco product that is used by means other than smoking. [1] Their use involves chewing, sniffing, or placing the product between gum and the cheek or lip. [1] Smokeless tobacco products are produced in various forms, such as ...

  8. Stimming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimming

    Feeling soft or otherwise enjoyable textures is a common form of stimming. Self-stimulatory behavior, also known as "stimming" [1] and self-stimulation, [2] is the repetition of physical movements, sounds, words, moving objects, or other behaviors. Such behaviors (also scientifically known as "stereotypies") are found to some degree in all ...

  9. Functional disorder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_disorder

    Functional disorders are a group of recognisable medical conditions which are due to changes to the functioning of the systems of the body rather than due to a disease affecting the structure of the body. [1] Functional disorders are common and complex phenomena that pose challenges to medical systems. Traditionally in western medicine, the ...