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  2. Mamiya 645 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamiya_645

    The only lenses with "S" versions are the 45mm f/2.8 and 55mm f/2.8 (both with different optical formulas and dimensions than their predecessors), but other accessories have "S" versions, including the Waist-level Finder W, the Prism Viewfinder PD, and the #3 extension tube.

  3. Endoscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscope

    A lens system that transmits the image from the objective lens to the observer, usually a relay lens system in the case of a rigid endoscope or a bundle of optical fibers in the case of a fiberoptic endoscope. An eyepiece which transmits the image to the screen in order to capture it.

  4. Optical coating - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_coating

    This must be suppressed by multilayer phase-correction coatings applied to one of the roof surfaces to avoid unwanted interference effects and a loss of contrast in the image. Dielectric phase-correction prism coatings are applied in a vacuum chamber with maybe 30 different superimposed vapor coating layers deposits, making it a complex ...

  5. Department of Corrections (New Zealand) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Corrections...

    The Department of Corrections (Māori: Ara Poutama Aotearoa) is the public service department of New Zealand charged with managing the New Zealand corrections system.This includes the operations of the 18 prisons in New Zealand and services run by Probation.

  6. Munsell color system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsell_color_system

    Though several replacements for the Munsell system have been invented, building on Munsell's foundational ideas—including the Optical Society of America's Uniform Color Scales, and the International Commission on Illumination’s CIELAB (L*a*b*) and CIECAM02 color models—the Munsell system is still widely used, by, among others, ANSI to ...

  7. Petzval field curvature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petzval_field_curvature

    Field curvature: the image "plane" (the arc) deviates from a flat surface (the vertical line). Petzval field curvature, named for Joseph Petzval, [1] describes the optical aberration in which a flat object normal to the optical axis (or a non-flat object past the hyperfocal distance) cannot be brought properly into focus on a flat image plane.

  8. Infrared homing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_homing

    The Vampir nightscope used a photomultiplier as the sighting system and provided illumination with an IR lamp mounted above the scope.. The ability of certain substances to give off electrons when struck by infrared light had been discovered by the famous Indian polymath Jagadish Chandra Bose in 1901, who saw the effect in galena, known today as lead sulfide, PbS.

  9. Mariner 10 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariner_10

    Reprocessed Mariner 10 data was used to produce this image of Mercury. The smooth band is an area of which no images were taken. Mariner 10 was an American robotic space probe launched by NASA on 3 November 1973, to fly by the planets Mercury and Venus. It was the first spacecraft to perform flybys of multiple planets. [3]