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  2. Relativistic quantum chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_quantum_chemistry

    Relativistic quantum chemistry combines relativistic mechanics with quantum chemistry to calculate elemental properties and structure, especially for the heavier elements of the periodic table. A prominent example is an explanation for the color of gold: due to relativistic effects, it is not silvery like most other metals.

  3. Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_theory...

    In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known, and add an additional "perturbing" Hamiltonian representing a weak ...

  4. Prism correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_correction

    Prism correction is measured in prism dioptres. A prescription that specifies prism correction will also specify the "base". The base is the thickest part of the lens and is opposite from the apex. Light will be bent towards the base and the image will be shifted towards the apex.

  5. Basis set superposition error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis_set_superposition_error

    In quantum chemistry, calculations using finite basis sets are susceptible to basis set superposition error (BSSE). As the atoms of interacting molecules (or of different parts of the same molecule - intramolecular BSSE) approach one another, their basis functions overlap.

  6. Effective field theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_field_theory

    In physics, an effective field theory is a type of approximation, or effective theory, for an underlying physical theory, such as a quantum field theory or a statistical mechanics model.

  7. Spin–orbit interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin–orbit_interaction

    In quantum physics, the spin–orbit interaction (also called spin–orbit effect or spin–orbit coupling) is a relativistic interaction of a particle's spin with its motion inside a potential.

  8. Relativistic quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_quantum_mechanics

    In physics, relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) is any Poincaré covariant formulation of quantum mechanics (QM). This theory is applicable to massive particles propagating at all velocities up to those comparable to the speed of light c , and can accommodate massless particles .

  9. Hierarchy problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_problem

    In theoretical physics, the hierarchy problem is the problem concerning the large discrepancy between aspects of the weak force and gravity. [1] There is no scientific consensus on why, for example, the weak force is 10 24 times stronger than gravity .

  10. Density matrix renormalization group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_matrix...

    The density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a numerical variational technique devised to obtain the low-energy physics of quantum many-body systems with high accuracy. As a variational method , DMRG is an efficient algorithm that attempts to find the lowest-energy matrix product state wavefunction of a Hamiltonian.

  11. Esophoria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophoria

    Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.