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Free-air gravity anomaly. In geophysics, the free-air gravity anomaly, often simply called the free-air anomaly, is the measured gravity anomaly after a free-air correction is applied to account for the elevation at which a measurement is made. It does so by adjusting these measurements of gravity to what would have been measured at a reference ...
Prism dioptres. Prism correction is commonly specified in prism dioptres, a unit of angular measurement that is loosely related to the dioptre. Prism dioptres are represented by the Greek symbol delta (Δ) in superscript. A prism of power 1 Δ would produce 1 unit of displacement for an object held 100 units from the prism. [2]
Aberration (astronomy) A diagram showing how the apparent position of a star viewed from the Earth can change depending on the Earth's velocity. The effect is typically much smaller than illustrated. In astronomy, aberration (also referred to as astronomical aberration, stellar aberration, or velocity aberration) is a phenomenon where celestial ...
Theoretical gravity. In geodesy and geophysics, theoretical gravity or normal gravity is an approximation of the true gravity on Earth 's surface by means of a mathematical model representing Earth. The most common model of a smoothed Earth is a rotating Earth ellipsoid of revolution (i.e., a spheroid ). Representations of gravity can be used ...
The force of gravity and the normal force. The resultant force acts as the required centripetal force. The mathematical derivation for the Eötvös effect for motion along the Equator explains the factor 2 in the first term of the Eötvös correction formula. What remains to be explained is the cosine factor.
A brass, spherical Helmholtz resonator based on his original design, circa 1890–1900. Helmholtz resonance, also known as wind throb, refers to the phenomenon of air resonance in a cavity, an effect named after the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz. [1] This type of resonance occurs when air is forced in and out of a cavity, causing the ...
The formula for vertex correction is = (), where F c is the power corrected for vertex distance, F is the original lens power, and x is the change in vertex distance in meters. Derivation [ edit ] The vertex distance formula calculates what power lens ( F c ) is needed to focus light on the same location if the lens has been moved by a distance x .
The Fokker-Planck equation has multiple applications in information theory, graph theory, data science, finance, economics etc. It is named after Adriaan Fokker and Max Planck, who described it in 1914 and 1917. [2] [3] It is also known as the Kolmogorov forward equation, after Andrey Kolmogorov, who independently discovered it in 1931. [4]
It deviates in the ultraviolet and infrared regions. In optics, Cauchy's transmission equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who originally defined it in 1830 in his article "The refraction and ...
Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.