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The most important mordant dyes are the synthetic mordant dyes, or chrome dyes, used for wool; these comprise some 30% of dyes used for wool, and are especially useful for black and navy shades. The mordant potassium dichromate is applied as an after-treatment.
Plant-derived dyes. Black Walnut or Black Walnut hulls (brown, black, source of tannin) Catechu or Cutch tree (brown) Gamboge tree resin (dark mustard yellow) Chestnut hulls (peach to brown) Ebony leaves (black) Himalayan rhubarb root (bronze, yellow) Indigo leaves (blue to purple) Kamala seed pods (yellow) Katuray (red) Madder root (red, pink ...
Acrylic fibers are dyed with basic dyes, while nylon and protein fibers such as wool and silk are dyed with acid dyes, and polyester yarn is dyed with dispersed dyes. Cotton is dyed with a range of dye types, including vat dyes , and modern synthetic reactive and direct dyes.
Most tie-dyes are now dyed with fiber-reactive dyes, a class of dyes effective on cellulose fibers such as cotton, hemp, rayon, and linen. This class of dyes reacts with fibers at alkaline (high) pH , forming a wash-fast, permanent bond.
The colors were achieved by adding pigments to the setting lotion. A permanent wave, commonly called a perm or permanent (sometimes called a "curly perm" to distinguish it from a "straight perm"), [1] is a hairstyle consisting of waves or curls set into the hair. The curls may last a number of months, hence the name.
Colour fastness is a term—used in the dyeing of textile materials—that characterizes a material's colour 's resistance to fading or running. Colour fastness is the property of dyes and it is directly proportional to the binding force between photochromic dye and the fibre.
A mordant or dye fixative is a substance used to set (i.e., bind) dyes on fabrics. It does this by forming a coordination complex with the dye, which then attaches to the fabric (or tissue). It may be used for dyeing fabrics or for intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations.
Lake pigment. A lake pigment is a pigment made by precipitating a dye with an inert binder, or mordant, usually a metallic salt. Unlike vermilion, ultramarine, and other pigments made from ground minerals, lake pigments are organic. [1] Manufacturers and suppliers to artists and industry frequently omit the lake designation in the name.
The fabric is permanently dyed so it can be washed without damaging the quality of the image. Advantages of dye-sublimation over other methods of textile printing: [7] images are permanent and do not peel or fade, the dye does not build up on the fabric.
The development of substantive dyes helped make mordant dyes obsolete. [2] Substantive dyes are set in a slightly basic or neutral environment at temperatures close to boiling point. They are set by formation of aggregates of dyes within interstices of the fibres. Aggregation is enhanced by extended aromatic rings. [2]