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Esotropia is sometimes erroneously called "lazy eye", which describes the condition of amblyopia; a reduction in vision of one or both eyes that is not the result of any pathology of the eye and cannot be resolved by the use of corrective lenses.
Amblyopia has three main causes: Strabismic: by strabismus (misaligned eyes) Refractive: by anisometropia (difference of a certain degree of nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism ), or by significant amount of equal refractive error in both eyes.
This is called amblyopia, or lazy eye, and results in a loss of binocular vision, impairing depth perception. In adults who develop strabismus, double vision sometimes occurs because the brain has already been trained to receive images from both eyes and cannot ignore the image from the turned eye.
Amblyopia, double vision: Types: Esotropia (eyes crossed); exotropia (eyes diverge); hypertropia (eyes vertically misaligned) Causes: Muscle dysfunction, farsightedness, problems in the brain, trauma, infections: Risk factors: Premature birth, cerebral palsy, family history: Diagnostic method: Observing light reflected from the pupil
Amblyopia will be treated via occlusion treatment (using patching or atropine drops) of the non-squinting eye with the aim of achieving full alternation of fixation. Management thereafter will be surgical. As alternative to surgery, also botulinum toxin therapy has been used in children with infantile esotropia.
Esotropia. In an Esotropic (ET) deviation, the patient will experience uncrossed diplopia. When questioned about the position of the lights, they will report that: They see 5 lights, 2 red and 3 green; The lights are horizontally displaced, seen side by side; The 2 red lights from the right eye are seen on the right side
If this occurs too often during the first 10 years of life, while the visual cortex is developing, it can result in amblyopia, a condition where, even when correcting the refractive error properly, the person's vision in the affected eye may still not be fully correctable to 20/20.
This occurs with the interest of finding better visual acuity, however all patients found with eccentric fixation have amblyopia, suppression, anisometropia and poorer stereopsis. Eccentric fixation utilises an abnormal retinal correspondence point and not the fovea, no movement under the prism is seen when placed over the deviated eye as the ...
Suppression is frequent in children with anisometropia or strabismus or both. For instance, children with infantile esotropia may alternate with which eye they look, each time suppressing vision in the other eye.
The unilateral cover test is performed by having the patient focus on an object then covering the fixating eye and observing the movement of the other eye. If the eye was exotropic, covering the fixating eye will cause an inwards movement; and if esotropic, covering the fixating eye will cause an outwards movement.