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  2. Heterophoria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterophoria

    Heterophoria is the misalignment of the visual axis such that one or both eyes are not properly fixated to an object of interest. When the visual axis is misaligned in such a way, it is corrected by the fusional vergence system. Diagnosis. The cross-cover test, or alternating cover test is usually employed to detect heterophoria.

  3. Esophoria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophoria

    Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.

  4. Prism correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_correction

    A prism of power 1 Δ would produce 1 unit of displacement for an object held 100 units from the prism. Thus a prism of 1 Δ would produce 1 cm visible displacement at 100 cm, or 1 meter. This can be represented mathematically as: = ⁡ where is the amount of prism correction in prism dioptres, and is the angle of deviation of the light.

  5. Maddox wing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maddox_Wing

    Maddox wing. The Maddox Wing is an instrument utilized by ophthalmologists, orthoptists and optometrists in the measurement of strabismus (misalignment of the eyes; commonly referred to as a squint or lazy eye by the lay person). It is a quantitative and subjective method of measuring the size of a strabismic deviation by dissociation of the ...

  6. Esotropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esotropia

    Where appropriate, prismatic correction can be used, either temporarily or permanently, to relieve symptoms of double vision. In specific cases, and primarily in adult patients, botulinum toxin can be used either as a permanent therapeutic approach, or as a temporary measure to prevent contracture of muscles prior to surgery

  7. Anisometropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisometropia

    Amblyopia. Anisometropia is a condition in which a person's eyes have substantially differing refractive power. [1] Generally, a difference in power of one diopter (1D) is the threshold for diagnosis of the condition . [2] [3] Patients may have up to 3D of anisometropia before the condition becomes clinically significant due to headache, eye ...

  8. Convergence insufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_insufficiency

    Convergence insufficiency. Convergence Insufficiency. Other names. Convergence disorder. Specialty. Ophthalmology, optometry. Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyes to turn towards each other, or sustain convergence .

  9. Occlusion (dentistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occlusion_(dentistry)

    Occlusion (dentistry) Occlusion, in a dental context, means simply the contact between teeth. More technically, it is the relationship between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth when they approach each other, as occurs during chewing or at rest. Static occlusion refers to contact between teeth when the jaw is closed and ...

  10. Platform switching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_switching

    In dentistry, platform switching is a method used to preserve alveolar bone levels around dental implants. The concept refers to placing screwed or friction fit restorative abutments of narrower diameter on implants of wider diameter, rather than placing abutments of similar diameters, referred to as platform matching .

  11. Aesthetic anterior composite restoration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetic_anterior...

    A few aesthetic anterior problems, such as dental caries, tooth fracture, enamel defects and diastemas, can be solved with composite restorations. Composite restorations can also improve dental aesthetics by changing the shape, color, length and alignment of teeth.