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Where appropriate, orthoptic exercises (sometimes referred to as Vision Therapy) can be used to attempt to restore binocularity. Where appropriate, prismatic correction can be used, either temporarily or permanently, to relieve symptoms of double vision.
Convergence insufficiency. Convergence Insufficiency. Other names. Convergence disorder. Specialty. Ophthalmology, optometry. Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyes to turn towards each other, or sustain convergence .
Incomitant strabismus cannot be fully corrected by prism glasses, because the eyes would require different degrees of prismatic correction dependent on the direction of the gaze. Incomitant strabismus of the eso- or exo-type are classified as "alphabet patterns": they are denoted as A- or V- or more rarely λ -, Y- or X-pattern depending on the ...
The usual recommendation for those needing iseikonic correction is to wear contact lenses. The effect of vertex distance is removed and the effect of center thickness is also almost removed, meaning there is minimal and likely unnoticeable image size difference. This is a good solution for those who can tolerate contact lenses.
In his case description, the condition was present years after surgical correction of strabismus acquired during childhood and co-existed with aniseikonia. Subsequently, spectacles for size correction ("iseikonic correction") allowed binocular fusion with depth perception to be achieved.
Congenital fourth nerve palsy is a condition present at birth characterized by a vertical misalignment of the eyes due to a weakness or paralysis of the superior oblique muscle. Other names for fourth nerve palsy include superior oblique palsy and trochlear nerve palsy. [1] When looking to the right/left the nerve/muscle is not strong enough or ...
Eye care professionals use prism correction as a component of some eyeglass prescriptions. A lens which includes some amount of prism correction will displace the viewed image horizontally, vertically, or a combination of both directions. The most common application for this is the treatment of strabismus.
Diplopia with normal binocular function is treated with prism glasses, botulinum injections into the muscles, or repeated surgery. If binocular function is not normal, a more individualized approach is necessary to best suit the patient's needs.
Although glasses and/or patching therapy, exercises, or prisms may reduce or help control the outward-turning eye in some children, surgery is often required. A common form of exotropia is known as " convergence insufficiency " that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises.
Here are links to possibly useful sources of information about Esophoria. PubMed provides review articles from the past five years (limit to free review articles) The TRIP database provides clinical publications about evidence-based medicine. Other potential sources include: Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and CDC