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  2. Prism correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_correction

    Prentice's rule, named so after the optician Charles F. Prentice, is a formula used to determine the amount of induced prism in a lens: = where: P is the amount of prism correction (in prism dioptres) c is decentration (the distance between the pupil centre and the lens's optical centre, in millimetres)

  3. Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perturbation_theory...

    In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known, and add an additional "perturbing" Hamiltonian representing a weak ...

  4. Hypsometric equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypsometric_equation

    The corrected hypsometric equation follows: h = z 2 − z 1 = R ⋅ T v ¯ g ( 1 + A ) ⋅ ln ⁡ ( p 1 p 2 ) , {\displaystyle h=z_{2}-z_{1}={\frac {R\cdot {\overline {T_{v}}}}{g(1+A)}}\cdot \ln \left({\frac {p_{1}}{p_{2}}}\right),}

  5. Esophoria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophoria

    Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.

  6. Anisometropia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisometropia

    Example. Consider a pair of spectacles to correct for myopia with a prescription of −1.00 m −1 in one eye and −4.00 m −1 in the other. Suppose that for both eyes the other parameters are identical, namely t = 1 mm = 0.001 m, n = 1.6, P = 5 m −1, and h = 15 mm = 0.015 m.

  7. Bolometric correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolometric_correction

    Description. Mathematically, such a calculation can be expressed: The bolometric correction for a range of stars with different spectral types and groups is shown in the following table: [1] [2] [3] The bolometric correction is large and negative both for early type (hot) stars and for late type (cool) stars.

  8. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    When we make these substitutions in equations to and equations to , the factor cμ 0 cancels out. For the amplitude coefficients we obtain: [5] [6] r s = n 1 cos ⁡ θ i − n 2 cos ⁡ θ t n 1 cos ⁡ θ i + n 2 cos ⁡ θ t {\displaystyle r_{\text{s}}={\frac {n_{1}\cos \theta _{\text{i}}-n_{2}\cos \theta _{\text{t}}}{n_{1}\cos \theta ...

  9. Penman–Monteith equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penman–Monteith_equation

    ET0 = Reference evapotranspiration, Water volume evapotranspired (mm day −1) Δ = Rate of change of saturation specific humidity with air temperature. (Pa K −1) Rn = Net irradiance (MJ m −2 day −1 ), the external source of energy flux. G = Ground heat flux (MJ m −2 day −1 ), usually equivalent to zero on a day.

  10. List of equations in quantum mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in...

    The De Broglie relations give the relation between them: ϕ = h f 0 {\displaystyle \phi =hf_ {0}\,\!} Photon momentum. p = momentum of photon (kg m s −1) f = frequency of photon (Hz = s −1) λ = wavelength of photon (m) The De Broglie relations give: p = h f / c = h / λ {\displaystyle p=hf/c=h/\lambda \,\!}

  11. Spherical aberration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_aberration

    Spherical aberration of collimated light incident on a concave spherical mirror. In optics, spherical aberration ( SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. This phenomenon commonly affects lenses and curved mirrors, as these components are often shaped in a spherical manner for ease of ...

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