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Stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in multiple human adult tissues, including bone marrow, synovial tissues, and adipose tissues. Since they are derived from the mesoderm, they have been shown to differentiate into bone, cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissue.
Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant, that is, a hip prosthesis. [1] Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi/semi (half) replacement.
Alternative approaches allow for the use of autologous stem cells, which have not been originally harvested from the patient undergoing treatment. Such approaches need to rely on "cloaking" technology to ensure that the cells are not eliminated from the body once detected as foreign.
The effectiveness of cartilage growth after microfracture surgery is thought to be dependent on the patient's bone marrow stem cell population and some think increasing the number of stem cells increases the chances of success. A couple of physicians are promoting an alternative treatment implanting autologous mesenchymal stem cells directly into the cartilage defect, without having to ...
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an alternative cell source that have the potential to self-renew and provide an almost unlimited number of cells with pluripotent capabilities, or the ability to differentiate into many different cell types.
Microfracture techniques show new potential, as animal studies indicate that microfracture-activated skeletal stem-cells form articular cartilage, instead of fibrous tissue, when co-delivered with a combination of BMP2 and VEGF receptor antagonist.
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