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  2. Camera lucida - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_lucida

    Camera lucida in use. A camera lucida is an optical device used as a drawing aid by artists and microscopists . The camera lucida projects an optical superimposition of the subject being viewed, onto the surface upon which the artist is drawing. The artist sees both scene and drawing surface simultaneously, as in a photographic double exposure.

  3. Fixation disparity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_disparity

    Fixation disparity. Fixation disparity is a tendency of the eyes to drift in the direction of the heterophoria. While the heterophoria refers to a fusion-free vergence state, the fixation disparity refers to a small misalignment of the visual axes when both eyes are open in an observer with normal fusion and binocular vision. [1]

  4. Exophthalmometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exophthalmometer

    Exophthalmometer. An exophthalmometer is an instrument used for measuring the degree of forward displacement of the eye in exophthalmos. The device allows measurement of the forward distance of the lateral orbital rim to the front of the cornea. [1] Exophthalmometers can also identify enophthalmos (retraction of the eye into the orbit), a sign ...

  5. List of instruments used in ophthalmology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_instruments_used...

    to correct refractive errors of the eye; a little invasive. Phoropter. used in refraction testing. Tonometers. used to determine the intraoccular pressure (IOP) - useful in glaucoma; video link for various types of tonometers. Speculum: to keep the eyes open during any operation. Universal eye speculum.

  6. Upside down goggles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upside_down_goggles

    Upside down goggles can be used to demonstrate human adaptation to inverted vision, and as a method of preventing motion sickness. Hubert Dolezal recommended using upside down goggles for "nausea adaptation" for space travel. They can also be used to train spatial abilities and possibly cognitive functions. [Patents of devices 1] Effect

  7. History of optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_optics

    History of optics. Modern ophthalmic lens making machine. Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world. The word optics is derived from the Greek term ...

  8. Eye transplantation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_transplantation

    Eye transplantation is the transplantation of the globe of the human eye from a donor to a recipient. Research directions [ edit ] Research efforts in whole eye transplantation (WET) are focused on its application in living human recipients, still some obstacles need to be addressed.

  9. Diplopia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplopia

    Specialty. Neurology, ophthalmology. Diplopia is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally or vertically in relation to each other. [1] Also called double vision, it is a loss of visual focus under regular conditions, and is often voluntary.