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Ocular hypertension (increased pressure within the eye) is the most important risk factor for glaucoma, but only about 50% of people with primary open-angle glaucoma actually have elevated ocular pressure.
Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye ( intraocular pressure ), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [1] [2] For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg.
Intraocular pressure may become elevated due to anatomical problems, inflammation of the eye, genetic factors, or as a side-effect from medication. Intraocular pressure laws follow fundamentally from physics.
Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retina and retinal circulation due to high blood pressure (i.e. hypertension).
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms itself.
Central nervous system toxicity is caused by short exposure to high partial pressures of oxygen at greater than atmospheric pressure. Pulmonary and ocular toxicity result from longer exposure to increased oxygen levels at normal pressure.
NAION is often associated with diabetes mellitus, elevated intraocular pressure (acute glaucoma, eye surgery), high cholesterol, hypercoagulable states, a drop in blood pressure (bleeding, cardiac arrest, peri-operative esp. cardiac and spine procedures), and sleep apnea.
Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye. In hypertensive encephalopathy, generally the blood pressure is greater than 200/130 mmHg. Occasionally it can occur at a BP as low as 160/100 mmHg.
Blood pressure is influenced by cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, blood volume and arterial stiffness, and varies depending on patient's situation, emotional state, activity and relative health or disease state.
Intraocular hemorrhage may be caused by physical trauma (direct injury to the eye); ocular surgery (such as to repair cataracts ); or other diseases, injuries, or disorders (such as diabetes, hypertension, or shaken baby syndrome ). [2] Severe bleeding may cause high pressure inside the eye, leading to blindness .