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Ophthalmology. Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye ( intraocular pressure ), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [1] [2] For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg.
The changes in hypertensive retinopathy result from damage and adaptive changes in the arterial and arteriolar circulation in response to the high blood pressure. Diagnosis. Fundoscopy and patients history. Differential Diagnoses. Several other diseases can result in retinopathy that can be confused with hypertensive retinopathy.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH ), previously known as pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension, is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause. [2] The main symptoms are headache, vision problems, ringing in the ears, and shoulder pain.
t. e. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. [11] High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms itself. [1] It is, however, a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral ...
Ocular hypertension (OHT) is defined by intraocular pressure being higher than normal, in the absence of optic nerve damage or visual field loss. Ocular hypotension, hypotony, or ocular hypotony, is typically defined as intraocular pressure equal to or less than 5 mmHg.
Hypertension; Pre-eclampsia (toxemia of pregnancy) Occlusive vascular disease (sudden) Emboli and thrombi; Central retinal artery occlusion; Cardiac myxoma; Cranial arteritis; Sickle cell attack; Occlusive vascular disease (slow, progressive) Carotid artery disease; Arterial spasm (TIA) Diabetes mellitus; Collagen diseases; Venous occlusive ...
The venous hypertension also contributes to the head swelling seen in photos of astronauts and the nasal and sinus congestion along with headache noted by many. There is also subsequent venous hypertension in the venous system of the eye which may contribute to the findings noted on ophthalmic exam and contributing to the visual disturbances noted.
Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye. [1] [3] In hypertensive encephalopathy, generally the blood pressure is greater than 200/130 mmHg. [1] Occasionally it can occur at a BP as low as 160/100 mmHg. [4]
In adults, retinal hemorrhages are largely spontaneous, secondary to chronic medical conditions such as hypertension. They also commonly occur in high altitude climbers, most likely due to the effects of systemic hypoxia on the eye.
A hypertensive emergency is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys).