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Convergence Insufficiency. Other names. Convergence disorder. Specialty. Ophthalmology, optometry. Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyes to turn towards each other, or sustain convergence .
Vision therapy ( VT ), or behavioral optometry, is an umbrella term for alternative medicine treatments using eye exercises, based around the pseudoscientific claim that vision problems are the true underlying cause of learning difficulties, particularly in children. [1]
In optometry, convergence is the simultaneous inward movement of both eyes toward each other, usually in an effort to maintain single binocular vision when viewing an object. This is the only eye movement that is not conjugate, but instead adducts the eye. [7]
It is a recognized field within optometry. Behavioral optometrists often address conditions or concerns related to: Binocular Vision Disorders: These are issues with how the eyes work together, such as strabismus (eye misalignment) or convergence insufficiency (difficulty bringing the eyes together to focus on near objects).
Accommodative insufficiency (AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Accommodation is the adjustment of the curvature of the lens to focus on objects near and far. In this condition, amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits for his age. [1]
A common form of exotropia is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises. This disorder is characterized by an inability of the eyes to work together when used for near viewing, such as reading.
Positive relative accommodation ( PRA) in biology, is a measure of the maximum ability to stimulate eye accommodation while maintaining clear, single binocular vision. [1] This measurement is typically obtained by an orthoptist, ophthalmologist or optometrist during an eye examination using a phoropter. After the patient's distance correction ...
Negative relative accommodation ( NRA) was proposed [clarification needed] by Joseph Kearney of Oxford University in 1967 as a measure of the maximum ability to relax accommodation while maintaining clear, single binocular vision. This measurement is typically obtained by an orthoptist, ophthalmologist or optometrist during an eye examination ...
Convergence insufficiency - usually associated with accommodative difficulties, the fusional convergence range of these patients is reduced. Divergence insufficiency- although rare and usually associated with a neurological condition, the PFR is able to detect a reduced divergence range.
Suppression of an eye is a subconscious adaptation by a person's brain to eliminate the symptoms of disorders of binocular vision such as strabismus, convergence insufficiency and aniseikonia. The brain can eliminate double vision by ignoring all or part of the image of one of the eyes.