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False Discovery Rate: Corrected & Adjusted P-values - MATLAB/GNU Octave implementation and discussion on the difference between corrected and adjusted FDR p-values. Understanding False Discovery Rate - blog post
where n 1 is the sample size for sample 1, and R 1 is the sum of the ranks in sample 1. Note that it doesn't matter which of the two samples is considered sample 1. An equally valid formula for U is = (+) The smaller value of U 1 and U 2 is the one used when consulting significance tables. The sum of the two values is given by
The probability density function (PDF) for the Wilson score interval, plus PDF s at interval bounds. Tail areas are equal. Since the interval is derived by solving from the normal approximation to the binomial, the Wilson score interval ( , + ) has the property of being guaranteed to obtain the same result as the equivalent z-test or chi-squared test.
Mark and recapture is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population's size where it is impractical to count every individual. [1] A portion of the population is captured, marked, and released.
This test procedure is based on the statistic whose sampling distribution is approximately a Chi-Square distribution with (k − 1) degrees of freedom, where k is the number of random samples, which may vary in size and are each drawn from independent normal distributions. Bartlett's test is sensitive to departures from normality.
Given a sample of size , a jackknife estimator can be built by aggregating the parameter estimates from each subsample of size () obtained by omitting one observation. [ 1 ] The jackknife technique was developed by Maurice Quenouille (1924–1973) from 1949 and refined in 1956.
For example, in a medical study patients are recruited as a sample from a population, and their characteristics such as blood pressure may be viewed as arising from a random sample. Under certain assumptions (typically, normal distribution assumptions) there is a known ratio between the true slope, and the expected estimated slope.
Hence an end correction is sometimes required to appropriately study its properties. The end correction depends on the radius of the object. An acoustic pipe, such as an organ pipe, marimba, or flute resonates at a specific pitch or frequency. Longer pipes resonate at lower frequencies, producing lower-pitched sounds.