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In chemistry, yield, also known as reaction yield or chemical yield, refers to the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction. [1] Yield is one of the primary factors that scientists must consider in organic and inorganic chemical synthesis processes. [2] In chemical reaction engineering, "yield", "conversion" and "selectivity" are terms ...
Definition. The Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a fluid that is subjected to relative internal movement due to different fluid velocities. A region where these forces change behavior is known as a boundary layer, such as the bounding surface in the interior of a pipe. A similar effect is created by the ...
Unit cell with water molecules, used to simulate flowing water. Periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are a set of boundary conditions which are often chosen for approximating a large (infinite) system by using a small part called a unit cell. PBCs are often used in computer simulations and mathematical models. The topology of two-dimensional PBC ...
Mole ratio. In atmospheric chemistry, mixing ratio usually refers to the mole ratio ri, which is defined as the amount of a constituent ni divided by the total amount of all other constituents in a mixture: The mole ratio is also called amount ratio. [2] If ni is much smaller than ntot (which is the case for atmospheric trace constituents), the ...
Correction pen. A correction fluid is an opaque, usually white fluid applied to paper to mask errors in text. Once dried, it can be handwritten or typed upon. It is typically packaged in small bottles, with lids attached to brushes (or triangular pieces of foam) that dip into the fluid. The brush applies the fluid to the paper.
The error-correction demonstration was performed on Schrodinger-cat states encoded in a superconducting resonator, and employed a quantum controller capable of performing real-time feedback operations including read-out of the quantum information, its analysis, and the correction of its detected errors. The work demonstrated how the quantum ...
In chemistry, a formula unit is the smallest unit of a non-molecular substance, such as an ionic compound, covalent network solid, or metal. [1] [2] It can also refer to the chemical formula for that unit. Those structures do not consist of discrete molecules, and so for them, the term formula unit is used. In contrast, the terms molecule or ...
Coordination geometry. The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern defined by the atoms around the central atom. The term is commonly applied in the field of inorganic chemistry, where diverse structures are observed. The coordination geometry depends on the number, not the type, of ligands bonded to the metal centre as well ...