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Correction of refractive errors by glasses; Prism therapy (if tolerated, to manage diplopia) Vision Therapy; Patching (mainly to manage amblyopia in children and diplopia in adults) Botulinum toxin injection; Surgical correction; Surgical correction of the hypertropia is desired to achieve binocularity, manage diplopia and/or correct the ...
Prism lenses set to make minor optical changes in the vertical alignment may be prescribed instead of or after surgery to fine-tune the correction. Prism lenses do not address torsional misalignment and this may limit their use in certain cases.
Prism correction. Prism lenses (here unusually thick) are used for pre-operative prism adaptation. Eye care professionals use prism correction as a component of some eyeglass prescriptions. A lens which includes some amount of prism correction will displace the viewed image horizontally, vertically, or a combination of both directions.
The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]
sc: without correction - F: far - N: near - FR: fixing right - FL: fixing left - BD: base down prisms - BU: base up prisms - BO: base out prisms - BI: base in prisms - eso: esotropia - exo: exotropias - L/R: left hypertropia or right hypotropia - R/L: right hypertropia or left hypotropia Double Maddox rod test
Esotropia (eyes crossed); exotropia (eyes diverge); hypertropia (eyes vertically misaligned) Causes: Muscle dysfunction, farsightedness, problems in the brain, trauma, infections: Risk factors: Premature birth, cerebral palsy, family history: Diagnostic method: Observing light reflected from the pupil: Differential diagnosis