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  2. Prism fusion range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_fusion_range

    From left to right: an accommodative fixation stick, a vertical prism bar, and a horizontal prism bar. The PFR involves placing a prism bar in front of an eye. In a patient with BSV, a natural shift of the eye occurs. When measuring horizontal fusion ranges, base in prisms assess fusional divergence while base out prisms assess fusional ...

  3. Prism cover test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_Cover_Test

    The prism cover test (PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components.

  4. Maddox rod - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maddox_rod

    Equipment used in Maddox rod testing. Top left (Maddox rod), top right (vertical base up and base down prisms), bottom left (pen torch) and bottom right (horizontal base out or in prisms) Maddox rod; Light source at near (33 cm) and at distance (6m) Base in, base out, base up, base down prisms; Trial frames; Indication of use

  5. Prism (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(geometry)

    In geometry, a prism is a polyhedron comprising an n-sided polygon base, a second base which is a translated copy (rigidly moved without rotation) of the first, and n other faces, necessarily all parallelograms, joining corresponding sides of the two bases.

  6. Polarizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizer

    Their vertical components are transmitted (shown), while the horizontal components are absorbed and reflected (not shown). Because their polarization vectors depend on incidence angle, polarizers based on Fresnel reflection inherently tend to produce s – p polarization rather than Cartesian polarization [ clarification needed ] , which limits ...

  7. Fresnel lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens

    A Fresnel lens ( / ˈfreɪnɛl, - nəl / FRAY-nel, -⁠nəl; / ˈfrɛnɛl, - əl / FREN-el, -⁠əl; or / freɪˈnɛl / fray-NEL [1]) is a type of composite compact lens which reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional lens by dividing the lens into a set of concentric annular sections.

  8. Triangular prism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_prism

    In geometry, a triangular prism or trigonal prism is a prism with 2 triangular bases. If the edges pair with each triangle's vertex and if they are perpendicular to the base, it is a right triangular prism. A right triangular prism may be both semiregular and uniform. The triangular prism can be used in constructing another polyhedron.

  9. Fixation disparity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixation_disparity

    The misalignment may be vertical, horizontal or both. The misalignment (a few minutes of arc ) is much smaller than that of strabismus . While strabismus prevents binocular vision , fixation disparity keeps binocular vision, however it may reduce a patient's level of stereopsis .

  10. Dihedral symmetry in three dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihedral_symmetry_in_three...

    D nd (or D nv), [2n,2 +], (2*n) has vertical mirror planes between the horizontal rotation axes, not through them. As a result, the vertical axis is a 2n-fold rotoreflection axis. D nh is the symmetry group for a regular n-sided prism and also for a regular n-sided bipyramid.

  11. Pentagonal prism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentagonal_prism

    3D model of a (uniform) pentagonal prism. In geometry, the pentagonal prism is a prism with a pentagonal base. It is a type of heptahedron with seven faces, fifteen edges, and ten vertices.