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Hypotension, also known as low blood pressure, is a cardiovascular condition characterized by abnormally reduced blood pressure. [1] Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood [2] and is indicated by two numbers, the systolic blood pressure (the top number) and the diastolic blood ...
Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension, [2] is a medical condition wherein a person's blood pressure drops when standing up or sitting down.
First-dose phenomenon. The first-dose phenomenon is a sudden and severe fall in blood pressure that can occur when changing from a lying to a standing position the first time that an alpha blocker drug is used [1] or when resuming the drug after many months off. [2] This postural hypotension usually happens shortly after the first dose is ...
Neurogenic shock. Neurogenic shock is a distributive type of shock resulting in hypotension (low blood pressure), often with bradycardia (slowed heart rate), caused by disruption of autonomic nervous system pathways. [1] It can occur after damage to the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury.
A large fall in blood pressure upon standing (persistent systolic/diastolic blood pressure decrease of >20/10 mmHg) is termed orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension) and represents a failure of the body to compensate for the effect of gravity on the circulation.
Shock is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system. [1] [2] Initial symptoms of shock may include weakness, fast heart rate, fast breathing, sweating, anxiety, and increased thirst. [1]
Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones. The adrenal glands—also referred to as the adrenal cortex—normally secrete glucocorticoids (primarily cortisol ), mineralocorticoids (primarily aldosterone ), and androgens.
Midodrine. Midodrine is a vasopressor / antihypotensive agent (it raises the blood pressure). Midodrine was approved in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1996 for the treatment of dysautonomia and orthostatic hypotension. In August 2010, the FDA proposed withdrawing this approval because the manufacturer, Shire plc ...
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles. The process is the opposite of vasodilation, the widening of blood vessels. The process is particularly important in controlling hemorrhage and reducing acute blood loss.
Hypovolemic shock. Hypovolemic shock is a form of shock caused by severe hypovolemia (insufficient blood volume or extracellular fluid in the body). [1] [2] It could be the result of severe dehydration through a variety of mechanisms or blood loss. [3] [2] Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency; if left untreated, the insufficient blood flow ...