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Spotlight – In those patients with amblyopia a spotlight could be used. (Same as near targets). [1] Snellen chart – This is the most commonly used target when assessing a patient's far component of a cover test. [1] Small landmark – Any fixed landmark at eye level, which can be seen through a window. [1]
Cyclotropia is a form of strabismus in which, compared to the correct positioning of the eyes, there is a torsion of one eye (or both) about the eye's visual axis. . Consequently, the visual fields of the two eyes appear tilted relative t
Monofixation syndrome (MFS) (also: microtropia or microstrabismus) is an eye condition defined by less-than-perfect binocular vision. [1] It is defined by a small angle deviation with suppression of the deviated eye and the presence of binocular peripheral fusion. [2]
This condition is sometimes called "lazy eye", but that term normally refers to the condition amblyopia. If severe enough and left untreated, the drooping eyelid can cause other conditions, such as amblyopia or astigmatism, so it is especially important to treat the disorder in children before it can interfere with vision development.
The earliest successful strabismus surgery intervention is known to have been performed on 26 October 1839 by Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach on a 7-year-old esotropic child; a few earlier attempts had been performed in 1818 by William Gibson of Baltimore, a general surgeon and professor at the University of Maryland. [2]
Botulinum toxin is the most acutely lethal toxin that is known. It is produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum.It acts inside nerve terminals by decreasing the release of acetylcholine, blocking neuromuscular transmission and thereby causing flaccid muscular paralysis.
Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward. [1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another.
Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is an eye condition which occurs in association with a squint, typically infantile esotropia. The exact cause is unknown, although it is logical to assume it is from faulty innervation of eye muscles.
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