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An Amici prism, named for the astronomer Giovanni Battista Amici, is a type of compound dispersive prism used in spectrometers.The Amici prism consists of two triangular prisms in contact, with the first typically being made from a medium-dispersion crown glass, and the second from a higher-dispersion flint glass.
In roof prism designs, optically relevant prism angles must be correct within 2 arcseconds ( 1 / 1,800 of 1 degree) to avoid seeing an obstructive double image. Maintaining such tight production tolerances for the alignment of their optical elements by laser or interference (collimation) at an affordable price point is challenging.
Cyclotropia is often associated with other disorders of strabism, can result in double vision, and can cause other symptoms, in particular head tilt. [ 1 ] In some cases, subjective and objective cyclodeviation may result from surgery for oblique muscle disorders; if the visual system cannot compensate for it, cyclotropia and rotational double ...
This second reflection in the lower prism happens at less than the critical angle, therefore the Schmidt–Pechan prism requires a reflective coating for this surface to be usable in practice. This is unlike other roof prisms, like the Abbe–Koenig prism, which uses total internal reflection on all reflective surfaces.
The prism fusion range (PFR) or fusional vergence amplitude is a clinical eye test performed by orthoptists, optometrists, and ophthalmologists to assess motor fusion, specifically the extent to which a patient can maintain binocular single vision in the presence of increasing vergence demands.
Squinting or frequent rubbing of the eyes is also common with exotropia. The child probably will not mention seeing double, i.e., double vision or diplopia. However, he or she may close one eye to compensate for the problem. In children, the reason for not seeing double is that the brain may ignore the image it receives from the squinting eye.
Horror fusionis is a rare condition and normally appears only in patients who have been treated by means of surgery or other interventions. [2] Attempts to achieve stereoscopic vision, in particular anti-suppression therapy and other orthoptic exercises, may lead to double vision as undesired side effect, in particular also to horror fusionis.
The early writers discussed here treated vision more as a geometrical than as a physical, physiological, or psychological problem. The first known author of a treatise on geometrical optics was the geometer Euclid (c. 325 BC–265 BC).
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