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Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant, that is, a hip prosthesis. Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi/semi (half) replacement. Such joint replacement orthopaedic surgery is generally conducted to relieve arthritis pain or in some hip fractures.
Frequency. ~15% of women at some point [1] A hip fracture is a break that occurs in the upper part of the femur (thigh bone), at the femoral neck or (rarely) the femoral head. [2] Symptoms may include pain around the hip, particularly with movement, and shortening of the leg. [2] Usually the person cannot walk.
Dynamic hip screw (DHS) or Sliding Screw Fixation is a type of orthopaedic implant designed for fixation of certain types of hip fractures which allows controlled dynamic sliding of the femoral head component along the construct. [citation needed] It is the most commonly used implant for extracapsular fractures of the hip, [1] which are common ...
1 in 1,000 (term babies) [3] Hip dysplasia is an abnormality of the hip joint where the socket portion does not fully cover the ball portion, resulting in an increased risk for joint dislocation. [1] Hip dysplasia may occur at birth or develop in early life. [1] Regardless, it does not typically produce symptoms in babies less than a year old. [3]
Arthroplasty (literally " [re-]forming of joint ") is an orthopedic surgical procedure where the articular surface of a musculoskeletal joint is replaced, remodeled, or realigned by osteotomy or some other procedure. It is an elective procedure that is done to relieve pain and restore function to the joint after damage by arthritis or some ...
Hip dislocations can also occur following a hip replacement or from a developmental abnormality known as hip dysplasia. Hip dislocations are classified by fracture association and by the positioning of the dislocated femoral head. A posteriorly positioned head is the most common dislocation type.
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI), also known as peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI), is an acute, sub-acute or chronic infection of a prosthetic joint. It may occur in the period after the joint replacement or many years later. It usually presents as joint pain, erythema (redness of the joint or adjacent area), joint swelling and sometimes ...
Osteolysis has been reported to occur as early as 12 months after implantation and is usually progressive. This may require a revision surgery (replacement of the prosthesis). [citation needed] Although osteolysis itself is clinically asymptomatic, it can lead to implant loosening or bone breakage, which in turn causes serious medical problems.
Stress shielding. Stress shielding is the reduction in bone density ( osteopenia) as a result of removal of typical stress from the bone by an implant (for instance, the femoral component of a hip prosthesis ). [1] This is because by Wolff's law, [2] bone in a healthy person or animal remodels in response to the loads it is placed under.
Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventive surgery for such problems.