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Plant anatomy. Chloroplasts in leaf cells of the moss Mnium stellare. Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants. Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered ...
Plant morphology treats both the vegetative structures of plants, as well as the reproductive structures. The vegetative (somatic) structures of vascular plants include two major organ systems: (1) a shoot system, composed of stems and leaves, and (2) a root system. These two systems are common to nearly all vascular plants, and provide a ...
K = calyx; for example, "K5" indicates that the flower has 5 sepals. C = corolla; for example, "C3" means that the flower has 3 petals. Z = is added if the corolla is zygomorphic; e.g., "CZ 6" = indicates a zygomorphic corolla with 6 petals. A = androecium; e.g., "A ∞" means having many stamens.
Amblyopia. Anisometropia is a condition in which a person's eyes have substantially differing refractive power. [1] Generally, a difference in power of one diopter (1D) is the threshold for diagnosis of the condition . [2] [3] Patients may have up to 3D of anisometropia before the condition becomes clinically significant due to headache, eye ...
Stigma (botany) Diagram showing the stigma-style-ovary system of the female reproductive organ of a plant. The stigma is fixed to the apex of the style, a narrow upward extension of the ovary. The stigma ( pl.: stigmas or stigmata) [1] is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower .
Phyllotaxis. Crisscrossing spirals of Aloe polyphylla. In botany, phyllotaxis (from Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon) 'leaf', and τάξις (táxis) 'arrangement') [1] or phyllotaxy is the arrangement of leaves on a plant stem. Phyllotactic spirals form a distinctive class of patterns in nature .
A floral formula is a notation for representing the structure of particular types of flowers. Such notations use numbers, letters and various symbols to convey significant information in a compact form. They may represent the floral form of a particular species, or may be generalized to characterize higher taxa, usually giving ranges of numbers ...
Heterostyly is a unique form of polymorphism and herkogamy in flowers. In a heterostylous species, two or three morphological types of flowers, termed "morphs", exist in the population. On each individual plant, all flowers share the same morph. The flower morphs differ in the lengths of the pistil and stamens, and these traits are not continuous.
Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants.. A germination rate experiment. Plant physiologists study fundamental processes of plants, such as photosynthesis, respiration, plant nutrition, plant hormone functions, tropisms, nastic movements, photoperiodism, photomorphogenesis, circadian rhythms, environmental stress physiology, seed ...
Graft hybrid. Grafting joins plant parts, forming a genetically composite organism functioning as one plant. A scion is a shoot from one plant that, after grafting, grows on the upper part of another plant. The stock receives the scion and serves as the root system for the grafted plant. [1] [2] Graft hybridisation refers to a form of asexual ...