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Prentice's rule, named so after the optician Charles F. Prentice, is a formula used to determine the amount of induced prism in a lens: = where: P is the amount of prism correction (in prism dioptres) c is decentration (the distance between the pupil centre and the lens's optical centre, in millimetres)
The usual recommendation for those needing iseikonic correction is to wear contact lenses. The effect of vertex distance is removed and the effect of center thickness is also almost removed, meaning there is minimal and likely unnoticeable image size difference. This is a good solution for those who can tolerate contact lenses.
Ophthalmology. Esotropia is a form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward. The condition can be constantly present, or occur intermittently, and can give the affected individual a "cross-eyed" appearance. [1] It is the opposite of exotropia and usually involves more severe axis deviation than esophoria.
Scherrer equation. The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub- micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening of a peak in a diffraction pattern. It is often referred to, incorrectly, as a formula for particle size measurement or analysis. It is named after Paul Scherrer.
A liquid-crystal display ( LCD) is a flat-panel display or other electronically modulated optical device that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals combined with polarizers. Liquid crystals do not emit light directly [1] but instead use a backlight or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome.
In ophthalmology, horror fusionis is a condition in which the eyes have an unsteady deviation, with the extraocular muscles performing spasm-like movements that continuously shift the eyes away from the position in which they would be directed to the same point in space, giving rise to diplopia.
Ray transfer matrix analysis. Ray transfer matrix analysis (also known as ABCD matrix analysis) is a mathematical form for performing ray tracing calculations in sufficiently simple problems which can be solved considering only paraxial rays. Each optical element (surface, interface, mirror, or beam travel) is described by a 2×2 ray transfer ...
In this sense, effective medium approximations are descriptions of a medium (composite material) based on the properties and the relative fractions of its components and are derived from calculations, [1] [2] and effective medium theory. [3] There are two widely used formulae. [4]
Contrast (vision) Contrast is the difference in luminance or color that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) visible against a background of different luminance or color. The human visual system is more sensitive to contrast than to absolute luminance; thus, we can perceive the world similarly despite significant ...
Many formulas have been developed to fit tabular values of air mass; one by Young & Irvine (1967) included a simple corrective term: X = sec z t [ 1 − 0.0012 ( sec 2 z t − 1 ) ] , {\displaystyle X=\sec \,z_{\mathrm {t} }\,\left[1-0.0012\,(\sec ^{2}z_{\mathrm {t} }-1)\right]\,,}