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Comparison of graphics file formats. This is a comparison of image file formats (graphics file formats). This comparison primarily features file formats for 2D images .
In comparison, when storing images that contain text, line art, or graphics – images with sharp transitions and large areas of solid color – the PNG format can compress image data more than JPEG can. Additionally, PNG is lossless, while JPEG produces visual artifacts around high-contrast areas.
Including proprietary types, there are hundreds of image file types. The PNG, JPEG, and GIF formats are most often used to display images on the Internet. Some of these graphic formats are listed and briefly described below, separated into the two main families of graphics: raster and vector.
JPEG (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ p ɛ ɡ / JAY-peg, short for Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography. The degree of compression can be adjusted, allowing a selectable tradeoff between storage size and image quality.
If a diagram cannot be produced in SVG, then a PNG image is preferred over a JPEG. The PNG compression algorithm is designed to work with large areas of solid colour that have sharp boundaries. It is therefore a good format for diagrams and cartoons.
WebP is a raster graphics file format developed by Google intended as a replacement for JPEG, PNG, and GIF file formats. It supports both lossy and lossless compression, [8] as well as animation and alpha transparency . Google announced the WebP format in September 2010, and released the first stable version of its supporting library in April 2018.
JPEG is good for images where the color changes fluidly throughout the image, like in a photograph, whereas PNG files are good for images with relatively few colors, such as a drawing of a flag, a chart, or a map; note that sometimes SVG is better.
Normally, the image is processed by a raw converter, in a wide-gamut internal color space where precise adjustments can be made before conversion to a viewable file format such as JPEG or PNG for storage, printing, or further manipulation. There are dozens of raw formats in use by different manufacturers of digital image capture equipment.
ImageMagick, invoked from the command line as magick, is a free and open-source [3] cross-platform software suite for displaying, creating, converting, modifying, and editing raster images. ImageMagick was created by John Cristy in 1987, it can read and write over 200 image file formats.
Raster file formats that support transparency include GIF, PNG, BMP, TIFF, TGA and JPEG 2000, through either a transparent color or an alpha channel. Most vector formats implicitly support transparency because they simply avoid putting any objects at a given point.