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California's capital, Sacramento, is located in the Central Valley . Prior to European colonization, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America. European exploration in the 16th and 17th centuries led to the colonization by the Spanish Empire.
History of California. The history of California can be divided into the Native American period (about 10,000 years ago until 1542), the European exploration period (1542–1769), the Spanish colonial period (1769–1821), the Mexican period (1821–1848), and United States statehood (September 9, 1850–present).
State. State of California. Flag. Seal. Map of the United States with California highlighted. Shortcut. P:CAL. California is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south.
Demographics of California. Population pyramid of California in 2019. Population. 38,940,231 (2023) [1] California is the most populated U.S. state, with an estimated population of 38.9 million as of 2023. [1] It has people from a wide variety of ethnic, racial, national, and religious backgrounds.
List of municipalities in California. Map of the United States with California highlighted. California is a state located in the Western United States. It is the most populous state and the third largest by area after Alaska and Texas.
Covering an area of 163,696 sq mi (423,970 km 2 ), California is among the most geographically diverse states. The Sierra Nevada, the fertile farmlands of the Central Valley, and the arid Mojave Desert of the south are some of the geographic features of this U.S. state.
Of the 58 counties in California, 14 are governed under a charter. They are Alameda, Butte, El Dorado, Fresno, Los Angeles, Orange, Placer, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Tehama. Nine counties in California are named for saints, tied with Louisiana for the largest number.
List of largest cities in California by population. This is a list of the 100 largest cities in the U.S. state of California ranked by population, based on estimates for July 1, 2023, by the United States Census Bureau.
The government of California is the governmental structure of the U.S. state of California as established by the California Constitution. California uses the separation of powers system to structure its government.
California is the most populous and the third most extensive of the 50 states of the United States of America. California is home to Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego, and Sacramento, respectively the 2nd, 6th, 17th, and 23rd most populous metropolitan areas of the United States.