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Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.
The standard definition of convergence insufficiency is exophoria greater at near than at distance, a receded near point of convergence, and reduced convergence amplitudes at near. [4] See also [ edit ]
Heterophoria is an eye condition in which the directions that the eyes are pointing at rest position, when not performing binocular fusion, are not the same as each other, or, "not straight".
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Anisometropia is caused by common refractive errors, such as astigmatism, far-sightedness, and myopia, in one eye. [6] Anisometropia is likely the result of both genetic and environmental influences. [7] Some studies suggest, in older adults, developing asymmetric cataracts may cause worsen anisometropia.
Exophoria. Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward. [1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another. [2] The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that of exotropia .
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Monofixation syndrome ( MFS) (also: microtropia or microstrabismus) is an eye condition defined by less-than-perfect binocular vision. [1] It is defined by a small angle deviation with suppression of the deviated eye and the presence of binocular peripheral fusion. [2] That is, MFS implies peripheral fusion without central fusion.
For example, a constant left hypertropia exists when a person's left eye is always aimed higher than the right. A person with an intermittent right esotropia has a right eye that occasionally drifts toward the person's nose, but at other times is able to align with the gaze of the left eye.
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